<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">vestsutmb</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Вестник Тамбовского университета. Серия: Гуманитарные науки</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Tambov University Review. Series: Humanities</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1810-0201</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2782-5825</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Derzhavin Tambov State University</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.20310/1810-0201-2026-31-1-212-229</article-id><article-id custom-type="edn" pub-id-type="custom">ZBLEWG</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">vestsutmb-1761</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ИСТОРИЯ ЗАРУБЕЖНЫХ СТРАН</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>FOREIGN COUNTRIES’ HISTORY</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Парадипломатия земель Австрийской Республики в Альпийском регионе (на примере Зальцбурга, Тироля и Форарльберга)</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Paradiplomacy of the states of the Austrian Republic in the Alpine region (the example of Salzburg, Tyrol and Vorarlberg)</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5833-6808</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Минкова</surname><given-names>К. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Minkova</surname><given-names>K. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Минкова Кристина Владимировна, доктор исторических наук, профессор кафедры американских исследований, заместитель директора Центра канадских исследований</p><p>РИНЦ AuthorID: 730215 ResearcherID: M-6859-2016 Scopus Author ID: 56401887900</p><p>199034, Российская Федерация, г. Санкт-Петербург, Университетская наб., 7/9</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Kristina V. Minkova, Dr. Sci. (History), Professor of American Studies Department, Deputy Director of Canadian Studies Centre</p><p>RSCI AuthorID: 730215 ResearcherID: M-6859-2016 Scopus Author ID: 56401887900 </p><p>7/9 Universitetskaya Emb., St. Petersburg, 199034, Russian Federation</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">kristina_minkova@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0005-9340-3339</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Антипина</surname><given-names>А. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Antipina</surname><given-names>A. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Антипина Анна Сергеевна, стажер Центра канадских исследований</p><p>199034, Российская Федерация, г. Санкт-Петербург, Университетская наб., 7/9 </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Anna S. Antipina, Intern of Canadian Studies Centre</p><p>7/9 Universitetskaya Emb., St. Petersburg, 199034, Russian Federation</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">annaantpn@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0006-5480-4751</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Куликова</surname><given-names>О. М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kulikova</surname><given-names>O.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Куликова Ольга Михайловна, стажер Центра канадских исследований</p><p>199034, Российская Федерация, г. Санкт-Петербург, Университетская наб., 7/9</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Olga M. Kulikova, Intern of Canadian Studies Centre</p><p>7/9 Universitetskaya Emb., St. Petersburg, 199034, Russian Federation</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">olya.kulikova22@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБОУ ВО «Санкт-Петербургский государственный университет»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Saint Petersburg State University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2026</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>04</day><month>03</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>31</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>212</fpage><lpage>229</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Минкова К.В., Антипина А.С., Куликова О.М., 2026</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Минкова К.В., Антипина А.С., Куликова О.М.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Minkova K.V., Antipina A.S., Kulikova O.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://vestsutmb.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/1761">https://vestsutmb.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/1761</self-uri><abstract><p>Актуальность. В современной системе международных отношений парадипломатия является неотъемлемым компонентом внешней политики государств. Исследование внешних связей субнациональных акторов способствует формированию адекватного представления о современных политических процессах. На примере Австрии, где земли обладают конституционными полномочиями на осуществление внешних сношений, раскрывается структура и роль внешних связей регионов во внешней политике страны. Новизна исследования заключается в анализе внешнеполитической деятельности Зальцбурга, Тироля и Форарльберга. Цель исследования – определение взаимного влияния австрийских земель и федерального центра на развитие внешних связей.Материалы и методы. В исследовании применялись два метода – кейс-стади (для анализа сотрудничества с альпийскими государствами, а также для определения влияния парадипломатии в межэтническом конфликте в Больцано) и качественный контент-анализ посредством изучения документов и материалов на сайтах различных ассоциаций и программ сотрудничества для определения роли земель Австрии в межрегиональных проектах и характеристик ее участия.Результаты исследования. Результаты исследования восполняют существенный пробел в российской историографии, связанный c отсутствием работ по парадипломатии австрийских земель. Выводы имеют и прикладное значение, так как накопленный австрийскими землями опыт может быть творчески переосмыслен и адаптирован для применения в рамках региональной политики Российской Федерации.Выводы. Инструменты парадипломатии эффективно работают в рамках приграничного сотрудничества земель Австрии с другими регионами стран ЕС. Эта деятельность укрепляет совместные усилия по решению общих для Альпийского региона проблем, прежде всего в области экологии. В то же время многие проекты ориентированы на развитие образования и сохранение культурной идентичности как национальных меньшинств, так и всего региона. Все рассмотренные земли исторически обладают значительным потенциалом влияния на внешнюю политику Австрии, что объясняется их заинтересованностью в сотрудничестве с соседними государствами. Сложившийся между административно-территориальными единицами Альпийского региона диалог отличается устойчивостью и подкрепляется совместной работой над проектами в рамках долгосрочных программ сотрудничества.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Importance. In today’s globalized world, paradiplomacy plays a crucial role in shaping state-level foreign policies. Exploring how subnational entities engage externally enhances our comprehension of current geopolitical dynamics. Focusing on Austria, whose federal states (Länder) constitutionally manage external affairs, provides insights into regional diplomatic structures and practices. Specifically examining Salzburg, Tyrol, and Vorarlberg offers fresh perspectives on paradiplomatic interactions. The aim of the study is to determine the mutual influence between the Austrian Länder and the federal center on the development of external relations.Materials and Methods. Case studies analyze collaboration initiatives within Alpine regions and evaluate paradiplomacy’s impact during ethnic conflicts like those in Bolzano. Qualitative content analysis examines official documentation from partnership organizations and project frameworks to assess Länder involvement in interregional collaborations.Results and Discussion. These findings fill gaps in Russian academic literature regarding Austrian Länder diplomacy. Highlighting subnational actor engagement in pan-European processes is critical yet underrepresented in existing Russian scholarship. The conclusions of the work also have practical significance, as the experience accumulated by the Austrian Länder can be creatively rethought and adapted for application within the framework of the regional policy of the Russian Federation.Conclusion. Paradiplomacy mechanisms successfully facilitate transboundary cooperation between Austrian Länder and European Union territories. Efforts of the Austrian Alpine Länder focus on addressing ecological challenges while fostering educational advancement and safeguarding cultural heritage. Each Land demonstrates substantial capacity to shape Austria’s overall foreign relations due to shared interests with adjacent nations. Cooperation across Alpine administrative units remains stable, sustained through ongoing collaborative ventures embedded in long-term strategic partnerships.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>Австрийская республика</kwd><kwd>внешние связи</kwd><kwd>парадипломатия</kwd><kwd>Зальцбург</kwd><kwd>Тироль</kwd><kwd>Форарльберг</kwd><kwd>Альпийский регион</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>Republic of Austria</kwd><kwd>external relations</kwd><kwd>paradiplomacy</kwd><kwd>Salzburg</kwd><kwd>Tyrol</kwd><kwd>Vorarlberg</kwd><kwd>Alpine region</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Исследование выполнено в рамках Инициативного проекта Санкт-Петербургского государственного университета «Парадипломатия административнотерриториальных единиц унитарных и федеративных государств».</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="en">The research is prepared within the framework of the Initiative project of Saint Petersburg State University “Paradiplomacy of Administrative-Territorial Units of Unitary and Federal States”.</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kuznetsov A.S. Theory and Practice of Paradiplomacy: Subnational Governments in International Affairs. London, 2014. 256 p. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315817088, https://elibrary.ru/wdcrfi</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kuznetsov A.S. (2014). Theory and Practice of Paradiplomacy: Subnational Governments in International Affairs. London, 256 p. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315817088, https://elibrary.ru/wdcrfi</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kamiński T. Paradiplomacy – discourse analysis and research conceptualization // Paradiplomacy in Asia: Case studies of China, India and Russia. 2018. P. 15-36. https://doi.org/10.18778/8088-615-5.02</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kamiński T. (2018). Paradiplomacy – discourse analysis and research conceptualization. Paradiplomacy in Asia: Case studies of China, India and Russia, pp. 15-36. https://doi.org/10.18778/8088-615-5.02</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Nye J.S., Keohane R.O. Transnational relations and world politics: an introduction // International Organization. 1971. Vol. 25. № 3. P. 329-349.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Nye J.S., Keohane R.O. (1971). Transnational relations and world politics: an introduction. International Organization, vol. 25, no. 3, pp. 329-349.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Duchacek I. Perforated sovereignties: towards a typology of new actors in international relations // Federalism and International Relations: The Role of Subnational Units. Oxford, 2001. P. 1-33.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Duchacek I. (2001). Perforated sovereignties: towards a typology of new actors in international relations. Federalism and International Relations: The Role of Subnational Units. Oxford, pp. 1-33.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Lecours A. Political Issues of Paradiplomacy: Lessons from the Developed World. Discussion Papers in Diplomacy. The Hague, 2008. 22 p.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Lecours A. (2008). Political Issues of Paradiplomacy: Lessons from the Developed World. Discussion Papers in Diplomacy. The Hague, 22 p.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Cornago N. Diplomacy and paradiplomacy in the redefinition of international security: Dimensions of conflict and co‐operation // Regional &amp; Federal Studies. 1999. Vol. 9. № 1. P. 40-57. https://doi.org/10.1080/13597569908421070</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Cornago N. (1999). Diplomacy and paradiplomacy in the redefinition of international security: Dimensions of conflict and co‐operation. Regional &amp; Federal Studies, vol. 9, no. 1, pp. 40-57. https://doi.org/10.1080/13597569908421070</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Акимов Ю.Г. Международная деятельность субнациональных акторов и внешняя политика государства: варианты взаимодействия и интерпретации // Сравнительная политика. 2021. Т. 12. № 3. С. 33-41. https://doi.org/10.24411/2221-3279-2021-10026, https://elibrary.ru/faqcwj</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Akimov Yu.G. (2021). International activities of subnational actors and foreign policy of the nation state: models of interaction and interpretations. Sravnitel’naya politika = Comparative Politics Russia, vol. 12, no. 3, pp. 33-41. (In Russ.) https://doi.org/10.24411/2221-3279-2021-10026, https://elibrary.ru/faqcwj</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Schiavon J.A. Comparative Paradiplomacy. London: Routledge, 2018. 226 p. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781351012317</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Schiavon J.A. (2018). Comparative Paradiplomacy. London, Routledge, 226 p. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781351012317</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Keating M. Paradiplomacy and regional networking. Forum of Federations: an International Federalism. Hanover, 2000. P. 105-116.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Keating M. (2000). Paradiplomacy and regional networking. Forum of Federations: an International Federalism. Hanover, pp. 105-116.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Pelinka A. Austria // Federalism and International Relations. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1990. P. 124-141.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Pelinka A. (1990). Austria. In: Federalism and International Relations. Oxford, Clarendon Press, pp. 124-141.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Pelinka A. The (in)compatibility of corporatism and federalism: Austrian social partnership and the EU // West European Politics. 1999. Vol. 22. № 2. P. 116-129. https://doi.org/10.1080/01402389908425304, https://elibrary.ru/havvjv</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Pelinka A. (1999). The (in)compatibility of corporatism and federalism: Austrian social partnership and the EU. West European Politics, vol. 22, no. 2, pp. 116-129. https://doi.org/10.1080/01402389908425304, https://elibrary.ru/havvjv</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bußjäger P. Föderalismus und die „Außenpolitik“ der Länder // Handbuch Außenpolitik Österreichs. Wiesbaden, 2022. S. 121-140. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-37274-3_6</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bußjäger P. (2022). Föderalismus und die „Außenpolitik“ der Länder. Handbuch Außenpolitik Österreichs. Wiesbaden, S. 121-140. (In German) https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-37274-3_6</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bußjäger P. Local government cooperation in Austria: Options and benefits for the communities // Crossing the Line: Dealing with Cross-Border Communities. 2009. Ch. 6. P. 81-92.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bußjäger P. (2009). Local government cooperation in Austria: Options and benefits for the communities. Crossing the Line: Dealing with Cross-Border Communities, ch. 6, pp. 81-92.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bußjäger P., Schramek C. Austria (Federal Republic of Austria): Balancing distributed federalism with centralization // The Forum of Federations Handbook of Federal Countries-2020. Ottawa: Palgrave Macmillan, 2020. P. 41-52. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-42088-8</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bußjäger P., Schramek C. (2020). Austria (Federal Republic of Austria): balancing distributed federalism with centralization. The Forum of Federations Handbook of Federal Countries-2020. Ottawa, Palgrave Macmillan, pp. 41-52. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-42088-8</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Weigend G.G. Effects of boundary changes in the South Tyrol // Geographical Review. 1950. Vol. 40. № 3. P. 364-375.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Weigend G.G. (1950). Effects of boundary changes in the South Tyrol. Geographical Review, vol. 40, no. 3, pp. 364-375.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit16"><label>16</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Haller M. South Tyrol – an economic or political success story? An investigation of the factors contributing to the solution of an ethnic-national conflict // Demokratie und Erinnerung. Südtirol – Österreich – Italien. Innsbruck; Wien; Bozen: Studien Verlag, 2006. P. 131-154.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Haller M. (2006). South Tyrol – an economic or political success story? An investigation of the factors contributing to the solution of an ethnic-national conflict. Demokratie und Erinnerung. Südtirol – Österreich – Italien. Innsbruck; Wien; Bozen, Studien Verlag, pp. 131-154.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit17"><label>17</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Alvarez M. The rise of paradiplomacy in international relations // E-International Relations. 2020. P. 1-6.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Alvarez M. (2020). The rise of paradiplomacy in international relations. E-International Relations, pp. 1-6.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit18"><label>18</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Austria: Bundesgesetzblatt für die Republik Österreich. Wien, 1930.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">(1930). Austria: Bundesgesetzblatt für die Republik Österreich. Wien. (In German)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit19"><label>19</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Brix E. Forschung und Lehre zu Außenpolitik // Handbuch Außenpolitik Österreichs. Wiesbaden, 2023. S. 205-224. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-37274-3</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Brix E. (2022). Forschung und Lehre zu Außenpolitik. In: Handbuch Außenpolitik Österreichs. Wiesbaden, S. 205-224. (In German) https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-37274-3</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit20"><label>20</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Chiti P. The Austrian 1925 general administrative procedure act: a view from Italy // The Austrian Codification of Administrative Procedure: Diffusion and Oblivion, 1920–1970. Oxford, 2023. P. 179-184. https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198867623.001.0001</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Chiti P. (2023). The Austrian 1925 general administrative procedure act: a view from Italy. In: The Austrian Codification of Administrative Procedure: Diffusion and Oblivion, 1920–1970. Oxford, pp. 179-184. https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198867623.001.0001</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit21"><label>21</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Eberhard H., Lachmayer K. Constitutional reform 2008 in Austria // Journal of International Constitutional Law. 2018. Vol. 2. № 2. P. 112-123.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Eberhard H., Lachmayer K. (2018). Constitutional reform 2008 in Austria. Journal of International Constitutional Law, vol. 2, no. 2, pp. 112-123.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit22"><label>22</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Gamper A. Local government in Austria // Local Government in the Member States of the European Union: a Comparative Legal Perspective. Madrid: National Institute of Public Administration, 2012. P. 23-44.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Gamper A. (2012). Local government in Austria. Local Government in the Member States of the European Union: a Comparative Legal Perspective. Madrid, National Institute of Public Administration, pp. 23-44.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit23"><label>23</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Köhler M. The reform of the administrative jurisdiction in Austria – theoretical background and main features of the system // Mykolo Romerio Universitetas. 2015. № 14. P. 31-63.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Köhler M. (2015). The reform of the administrative jurisdiction in Austria – theoretical background and main features of the system. Mykolo Romerio Universitetas, no. 14, pp. 31-63.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit24"><label>24</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Dolezal M., Fallend F. Die Länder: Landtage und Landesregierungen // Das Politische System Österreichs / ed. by K. Praprotnik, F. Perlot. Vienna: Böhlau Verlag, 2023. P. 213-242.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Dolezal M., Fallend F. (2023). Die Länder: Landtage und Landesregierungen. In: Das Politische System Österreichs. Vienna, Böhlau Verlag, S. 213-242. (In German)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit25"><label>25</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ciesielska-Klikowska J., Kamiński T. Paradiplomacy and its impact on EU foreign policy // Journal of Contemporary European Research. 2022. Vol. 18. № 1. P. 48-66. https://doi.org/10.30950/jcer.v18i1.1223, https://elibrary.ru/bpxuvg</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ciesielska-Klikowska J., Kamiński T. (2022). Paradiplomacy and its impact on EU foreign policy. Journal of Contemporary European Research, vol. 18, no. 1, pp. 48-66. https://doi.org/10.30950/jcer.v18i1.1223, https://elibrary.ru/bpxuvg</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit26"><label>26</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Exenberger A. Globalization and Austria: past and present // Global Austria: Austria’s Place in Europe and the World. Contemporary Austrian Studies. 2011. Vol. 20. P. 26-46.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Exenberger A. (2011). Globalization and Austria: past and present. Global Austria: Austria’s Place in Europe and the World. Contemporary Austrian Studies, vol. 20, pp. 26-46.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit27"><label>27</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Heiß H. Die Euregio Tirol-Südtirol-Trentino – Eine Skizze jüngerer Entwicklungspfade // Die schwierige Versöhnung. Italien, Österreich und Südtirol im 20 Jahrhundert. Ungari, 2020. S. 539-562.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Heiß H. (2020). Die Euregio Tirol-Südtirol-Trentino – Eine Skizze jüngerer Entwicklungspfade. In: Die schwierige Versöhnung. Italien, Österreich und Südtirol im 20 Jahrhundert. Ungari, S. 539-562. (In German)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
