A.S. Shishkov on Peter the Great

Abstract

Over the last years, studying of conservative ideology became an essential part of historical researches. In this regard, the objective of research is the analysis of Peter the Great’s character made by A.S. Shishkov. To achieve this objective, we investigate the focus and reasons of changes in evolution of linguistic views regarding the reformer. We primarily use the problematic-chronological method; historical facts are studied based on principles of historicism and objectivity. Peter I is presented as a positive character mainly in legends and tales of yore, which indicates Shishkov’s superficial knowledge of the reformer’s reign history. The admiral shows more favor to Peter I in public media. We assert that he admired Peter’s I moral qualities. A.S. Shishkov used Peter’s I name in political argumentation in flattering expressions. Admiring the tsar’s reformation methods and his administrative reforms, A.S. Shishkov often viewed him as a historical role model. In addition to this, we prove that A.S. Shishkov criticized the Europeanization performed by Peter I encouraging to fight against it using Peter’s I methods. It is shown that A.S. Shishkov indicated the depletion of linguistic sphere. He argued against Peter’s I projects on the issue of serfdom law. Philologist accused Peter I of customs and traditions violation, propagation of foreign-born enlightenment, and moral capitulation under the western influence. We identify that, according to A.S. Shishkov, Peter I adopted foreign customs in prejudice of Russian identity. The conclusion is drawn that A.S. Shishkov saw both positive and negative sides in the personality and reforms of Peter I.