Tambov zemstvo craft and education orphanage for juvenile delinquents: on the history of foundation and work

Importance. The development of any scientific problem should be based on an analysis of the previous history of its development. The study of the experience and patterns of execution of punishments for juvenile offenders is no exception. The purpose of the study in a broad sense is to identify and analyze the historical experience of the formation and development of penitentiary institutions for the maintenance of convicted adolescents at the turn of the 19th and 20th centuries. In a narrow sense, the main task is to determine the role and place of the Tambov shelter in the matter of re-education and preventive influence on already convicted and potential criminals who have not reached the age of majority.

Materials and methods Research. The object of research is determined here by the totality of social relations that took place during the implementation of the activities of the Tambov zemstvo vocational and educational orphanage for juvenile offenders. The basic sources are materials from the collections of the State Archives of the Tambov Region, publications and relevant legal acts. Traditional and new research methods are used to implement the tasks set. Let us name the historical-chronological method as the first ones, and elements of narrative and axiological approaches as the second ones.

Results and Discussion. The reasons outlined for the creation of a craft and educational orphanage, its structure; conditions of maintenance, study and pupils’ work. A comparative description of some of the similar institutions operating in other provinces is given. The main administrative and educational means used to achieve the set goals are determined. Estimates of the effectiveness of the work being done are given.

Conclusion. The materials of the study testify to the positive consequences of replacing imprisonment for juvenile delinquents by sending them to correctional orphanages and colonies. The practical significance of the study lies in the fact that the main provisions and conclusions made in the study can be used both in local history work and in the formation of modern criteria for the activities of juvenile justice.

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