The worldview of conservative liberals and legalists in the works of Russian scientists at the turn of the 20th–21st centuries

Importance. The historiography of the legalists’ worldview is considered based on their scientific works and practical activities. The purpose of the study is to identify a set of ideas that developed within the liberal jurisprudence of the Russian Empire on the basis of extensive historical and philosophical literature, to determine the main points of view of modern scientists on the nature of conservative liberalism.

Materials and Methods. A significant part of the works of leading legalists have been published. This facilitates the researcher’s tasks. The involvement of many sources (countless articles and monographs of legalists) coupled with modern research allows us to compare different points of view on the essence of the movement and come to common conclusions. The use of the problemchronological method and the comparison method make it possible to conduct this analysis.

Results and Discussion. Legalists are understood as an association of liberal dignitaries of the Russian Empire, mainly those from the judicial corps, and legal scholars. The ideology of legalists can be defined as conservative liberalism, and their inspiration was the famous scientists K.D. Kavelin and B.N. Chicherin. In the 1860s, a stable group of lawyers was formed that was vitally interested in the development of legality and law and order in Russia (“people of the legal order”). Scholars, historians and philosophers have carefully analyzed various aspects of the worldview of the right-wing liberal intelligentsia.

Conclusion. It must be noted that despite the great success achieved in clarifying the essence and nature of centrist ideologies in the late empire, modern scholars, for the most part, have not linked them with the legal origin of the main ideologists-scientists. They have hardly considered the legal background of the conservative-liberal ideology of legalism. And they did not strive to do so.

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