L. Wittgenstein’s dialogical method as a way to develop critical thinking

The research is devoted to the analysis of the positive possibilities of L. Wittgenstein’s dialogical method for the development of critical thinking. We define the role and functions of dialogue in L. Wittgenstein’s philosophy, reveal the critical orientation and didactic potential of his dialogical “grammar”. L. Wittgenstein’s discourse is compared with the philosophizing of Socrates, the similarities and differences in the approaches of both thinkers are revealed. Wittgenstein’s attitude to analyze philosophical problems by comparing different models of language games is used in research as an effective methodological principle. It is explained that the regulatory aspect of L. Wittgenstein’s philosophical grammar makes it possible to clarify the mechanism of the origin and functioning of human thinking. It is shown that L. Wittgenstein was able to develop a special model of understanding based on dialogue, interpersonal agreement regarding the meaning of the words and expressions used. It is revealed that participation in philosophical dialogue, according to L. Wittgenstein, presupposes the ability and readiness of individuals to critically assess their beliefs and be guided in behavior by reasonable arguments. It is emphasized that
L. Wittgenstein’s style of thinking is aimed at developing not only critical, but also creative thinking. The scientific novelty of the research lies in substantiating the pedagogical significance of
L. Wittgenstein’s dialogical method, aimed at educating a critically thinking person. As a result, it is concluded that dialogue provides communicative consent due to the correct use of words in speech. L. Wittgenstein’s method excludes the possibility of achieving an unambiguous, universal definition of the meaning of a word, assumes a description of various cases of its use in the context of language games. Through dialogue, L. Wittgenstein in his later works instills in the reader the ability to constructively interact with another point of view, forms a willingness to discover and create new things, teaches how to overcome the dogmatic view of the world.

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