We prove the necessity of “Information technologies in professional activity” discipline inclusion in the content of block reflecting the concept of didactic systems informatization as the actual content directed to formation of the competences necessary for graduates pedagogical activity. Taking into account the current stage of education informatization, along with traditional sections, there is a need to include an internal module associated with the design of differentiated courses that meet the modern principle of building the content of education using formalized methods and involving automated systems. We present the technology of teaching students to design differentiated content based on the basic principles of integrated technology. We give the characteristic of integral technology of training in relation to university practice. The content of the block is presented in the context of the main forms and methods of developing learning within this technology. Emphasis is placed on active and interactive teaching methods that allow the most effective individual and group work on the final project. Universality of the offered training technology and the developed automated complex make possible their use in higher education institution student’s system preparation in various directions.

We present a detailed analysis of the essence and structural components of the university innovative educational environment. An essence analysis of the innovative educational university environment contains information about the purposeful process of its formation in both substantive and organizational aspects. This aspect depends on the goals and expected results that contribute to the formation of students’ not only professional knowledge, but also personal qualities necessary in an innovative economy. An analysis of the structural components of the innovative educational university environment is considered taking into account the influence of the ideas of synergetics, the cluster approach and pedagogical innovation studies. We give a detailed description of the substantial changes in the structural components of the innovative educational university environment, upon consideration of which we propose a new structural component – innovative resultative. We present the author’s definition of the innovative educational university environment. We substantiate the special influence of the innovative educational university environment on students, which helps to increase not only the level of professional training of students, but also the development of their personal qualities, which are in demand in the conditions of an innovative economy.

Microlearning is an emerging tendency in teaching foreign languages due to the growing interest of students in the communication via social networks and messengers. The aim of this research is to work out the pedagogical design for the individualized path of vocabulary microlearning. To achieve this goal, general scientific methods are used, including an experiment with diagnostic measurement and a focus group to collect quantitative and qualitative testing data, accordingly. As a result of the research the main difficulties of developing the vocabulary skills were figured out (for the first year bachelor’s degree students of “Linguistics” programme); the notion of the individualized vocabulary learning path was analyzed; four new formats of group chat based tasks were introduced; and in conclusion the efficiency of the proposed pedagogical design for the vocabulary competence developing on the basis of the individualization principles was proved.

A characteristic feature of the vast majority of activity spheres in the modern education system is their systematization. The latest higher education standards center the teacher’s activity around the system and activity approach. That causes the need for its application in the use of information and communications technologies as a means of teaching a foreign language. We give the author’s definition of the term “methodical learning system”, which is interpreted as a component-related system of learning conditions, realizing its methodological potential through the interaction of participants in the educational process aimed at achieving the goal. This system includes five consecutive blocks, including: 1) prerequisites (modern requirements of the Federal Educational Standard of Higher Education), social order for training in the field of written academic discourse, contradictions between the linguodidactic potential of the study group blog, the lack of practical methods of teaching written academic discourse; 2) block target definition (goals and objectives of training); 3) theoretical justification block (list of principles of teaching written academic discourse, approaches to teaching written academic discourse); 4) functional block (organizational and pedagogical conditions, contents and methods of training, means and organizational forms of training); 5) evaluation block system operation results (components of evaluation of educational and cognitive activity, the learning process result). We note methodical system training integrity on the basis of property of integrativity promoting optimization of all components which general interaction is directed on achievement of the training purpose. The goal, for its part, is a system-forming element.

Nowadays, at the time of rapid growth of various branches of science and technology, the evolution of national languages is also observed. Each separate language expands its vocabulary through the inclusion of new terms, words and expressions that appeared in the language with the beginning of the technical revolution in the military and civilian spheres. As a result of the process impact of production modernization and updating the technical base around the world, completely new concepts and terms have appeared that have a narrow specialization, complexity, and are professionally oriented. As a result of this, natural difficulties and peculiarities arise in the translation of technical vocabulary lead to the question of the need for streamlining and in-depth analysis, and comparison of polysyllabic lexical units of the terminological fund of the Chinese language for further reproduction of an adequate translation into English or Russian. We determine lexical features of the terminology of the military Chinese sublanguage, study the composition of its terminological fund and ways of replenishing vocabulary, as well as study the main features of the military Chinese sublanguage translation and analyze the lexical, stylistic and syntactic features of the translation of the military Chinese sublanguage.

Studying the role and place of pragmatic competence in the framework of the formation of communicative competence is important in foreign language teaching. Successful communication in a foreign language requires not only knowledge of vocabulary and grammatical structures, but also the ability to use them in various contexts. We explain the concepts of “pragmatics” and “competence” as basic terms in understanding the pragmatic competence. We define pragmatic competence as the ability to choose appropriate language means in a certain context. We analyze three types of models of foreign language communicative competence. They are functional (or discourse-oriented models), component models and meaning-oriented models. Functional models consider pragmatics as the implementation of functional discourse functions. Component models involve the division into smaller structural units, which, though, are closely related to the time of language use. Meaning-oriented models for the first time consider pragmatic competencies as a discrete element in communicative competence. Basing on the analysis and comparison of the examined models, we form a more complete and broader understanding of pragmatic competencies, including bilateral communication competencies, including coding and using, as well as the basis on three principles – contextual use of the language, interaction of the interlocutors in the conversation and the transmitted meaning.

Content and language integrated learning of a foreign language and specialty is one of the new approaches to foreign language teaching in the professional sphere of non-linguistic programmes students. In the framework of this approach, a foreign language is the purpose of learning, as well as a means of studying a profile specialty. In this regard, the discipline “Foreign Language in Professional Sphere” allows students to continue to form general professional and professional competencies. One of the key issues in the implementation of content and language integrated learning is the development of the subject content of teaching. The implementation of the methodic principle of reliance on intersubject connections allows us to develop the corresponding subject content of the discipline, reflecting the specifics of the students’ future professional work. We conduct and develop: a) description of the methodic principle of reliance on intersubject connections; b) analysis of researches on the development of the subject content of foreign language teaching in the professional sphere of non-linguistic programmes students; c) the subject content proposed by the author of the discipline “Foreign Language in Professional Sphere” for students of four profiles of the “Agricultural Engineering” programmes: “Technological Equipment for Storage and Processing of Agricultural Products”, “Technical Systems in Agricultural Business”, “Technical Service in the Agricultural Sector” and “Electrical Equipment and Electrical Technologies in the Agricultural Sector”.

The study of models for the social skills formation in the context of ensuring the social health of adolescent’s personality is an important area of theory and practice of the education system development. The basic social skills of aт adolescent are formed in the education system. The contemporary school is a complex system that integrates the capabilities and the resulting dominant of the formal and non-formal types of adolescents’ education in the formation of conflict resolution skills. To understand the essence of programs that ensure the adolescents’ social skills formation, we consider the genesis of adolescents conflict. In contemporary conditions, important causes of increased conflict are social problems, including digitalization of society and the active use of the Internet, the uncertainty of social situations and the blurred identity of adolescents. An analysis of domestic and foreign studies has allowed us to identify three models of programs organization for formation of adolescents’ conflict resolution skills: preventive, educational and service, including school counseling. We highlight the types of trainings introducing adolescents to behavioral strategies in a conflict situation as models of choice – “compromise”, “cooperation”, “rivalry”, “avoidance”, as well as conflict management styles. We give the characteristic of two groups (healthy and unhealthy) of conflict resolution methods. We substantiate the characteristic of a person’s social health, taking into account the skills of mastering healthy ways of resolving conflicts. We also provide the forms, stages of technology and subjects, organizing programs for the formation of conflict resolution skills as the basis of the social health of a adolescent’s personality.

We consider system and subsystems of spiritual and effective relations of the future teacher of physical culture to the surrounding objective and subjective reality, including relations to yourself. We give a structural and substantive characteristic in the course of education in a secondary or higher educational institution, in which such specialists are trained. In structuring the spiritual and effective relations of students – future teachers of physical culture on subsystems we use philosophical and psychological methodology: systemic and structural, activity, subjective, personal-oriented and relative approaches. We identify in the system of relations, which include the future teacher of physical culture at the educational institution, the following subsystems of spiritual and effective relations: the first subsystem of spiritual and practical relations is the attitude of the subject to various types of student life activity, the second subsystem of the spiritual and effective relations of the future teacher to the mass media, the third subsystem of spiritual and effective relations of the future teacher of physical culture to other people, the fourth subsystem of the student’s spiritual and practical relations to social groups, the fifth subsystem of the subject’s spiritual and effective relations to material reality, the sixth subsystem of relations to subjective reality, the seventh subsystem of spiritual and effective relations of the subject to his Self, to his inner world.

Due to the high frequency of strokes in the Russian Federation, leading to disability, loss of efficiency and loss of household autonomy, the development of methods of patients rehabilitation who have suffered acute cerebral circulation disorder is of high importance. The consequences of this condition is characterized by a number of syndromes, among which the leading role in reducing the motor activity of patients and limiting their ability to self-service, is hemiparesis, accompanied by a decrease in voluntary muscle strength in the affected limbs. We present the study results of computer stabilometry indicators as a means of assessing the ability to maintain static equilibrium in a standing position and control the oscillations of the general center of mass. We also present the evaluation results of arbitrary muscle strength of the affected limbs in patients with the consequences of acute cerebral circulation defect in the early recovery period. These studies were carried out as part of an experiment to assess the effectiveness of the multisensory stimulation technique, which is based on the combination of a number of stimulating and corrective effects in combination with physical exercises in closed and open kinematic circuits. The results of the study confirm the effectiveness of the developed method of physical rehabilitation.

In modern student sports of the Russian Federation, a prominent place is occupied by a team of students and specialists in physical education and sports of Penza State University. The main efforts in the sport development in the higher education system of the Penza Region were carried out by a team of a specialized faculty of physical education, and later the Institute of Physical Culture and Sports of Penza State University. We analyze the prerequisites developed in the Penza Region and other regions for the opening of a higher educational institution for the physical education specialists training. In the period of 1940–1950, mid-level personnel for schools and physical education groups were trained by technical schools of physical education, which were secondary special educational institutions. Since the faculty opening, sports work at the institute has significantly revived. As throughout the country, in Penza Pedagogical University, the foundation of a sports society, its primary organization was a sports club, which was created at the university, most commonly, by student and local labour union committees. The core of the sports club was students of physical education faculty, although the leadership of the club was based on the first decades at the department of physical education. The core of the sports club was students of physical education, although the leadership of the club in the first decades was based at the physical education department. Sports achievements of students and graduates of the Faculty of Physical Education are presented. We note multiple victories at the championships of the voluntary sports society “Burevestnik”, the championships of the RSFSR, the USSR, the Russian Federation, the Universiades, the World and Europe Championships, Olympic Games in swimming, athletics, volleyball, basketball, rhythmic gymnastics, sambo, speed skating, gymnastics, hockey throughout the entire period of the faculty.

We substantiate the importance of preserving the nonmaterial cultural heritage, folk culture and the development of traditional handicrafts, the need to integrate culture and education. We prove the effectiveness of measures to preserve the nonmaterial cultural heritage through the development of children’s traditions and technologies of folk art crafts and handicrafts in additional education. We analyze the implementation of additional general educational programs in the field of decorative and applied arts and activities to preserve folk art crafts and handicrafts are being conducted in the regions of the Russian Federation. We make proposals for the development of educational programs in the field of folk crafts.

The study is devoted to the clergy of the Grand Duchy of Ryazan – a social group that has not been the subject of special study until now. The thesis is proved that the Ryazan administrative apparatus is characterized by the trajectory of evolution, which was previously revealed by historians on the materials of the Moscow chancellery. We show the growing importance of clerks in paperwork that was reflected in the development of the documents certification practice during the second half of the 15th – early of 16th century. Observations were made regarding the participation of clerks in the report procedure, which needs further comparative study. It is noted that there were also clerks in the Ryazan counties. We analyze the personal and social composition of the Ryazan clergy and make assumption that clerks were personally free people who could be tied to their occupations on a hereditary basis. The small number of the administrative apparatus of the duchy was ascertained, under the conditions of which no more than three or four clerks could act simultaneously. It is demonstrated that the change of Ryazan Grand Dukes did not reflect on the personal composition of the grand chancellery. The question is raised on whether such evolution of the clerks’ apparatus was the result of Moscow’s influence, and comparative contexts from the history of other Russian duchies are proposed.

We actualize the problem of studying private book collections of the estate libraries of the Tambov Governorate of the late 18th – early of the 20th centuries as a cultural environment elements. In the context of the special value of the Russia’s possessory libraries, the novelty of the work is determined by a comprehensive study of pre-revolutionary, Soviet and contemporary historiography. Interest in the book collections of the Tambov Governorate noble libraries is due to their importance as the book culture monuments of the 18th–19th centuries, their importance for verifying the private manors history. We show that among the works of pre-revolutionary historiography the history of personal libraries was considered a specific problem. Authors of that time were interested in questions of the book trade, the organization of free typographies, the largest libraries history. As part of the literature of this period analysis, we consider the works of N.A. Rubakin, I.I. Dubasov, K. Bogoyavlensky, I. Dobrotvorsky, G. Speransky, O.S. Lavrov, V. Simonov. Consideration by Soviet historiography the problem of private libraries formation made it possible to reveal the dominance of ideological attitudes in the cultural life assessments of the Russian province. We study the works of P.N. Chermensky, M. Belokrys, A.S. Chernov, N.I. Romakh. We reveal the contribution of Soviet authors to the study of the private libraries activities, the private collections reconstruction, the problems of reading culture of individual owners. Consideration of the contemporary period works is based on the latest results analysis of the identification of book monuments. We analyze the work of the Tambov Regional Universal Scientific Library named after A.S. Pushkin staff, who studies the works collection of L.A. Voeikov, G.R. Derzhavin, A.D. Khvoshchinsky and A.N. Nortsov.

The purpose of this work is to give a brief analysis of the legal status of spiritual Christians Molokans in the Russian Empire, following the dynamics of state legal regulation. The problem of the individual sectarian groups status remains little studied in both domestic and foreign literature, which determines its relevance. We use the following research methods: chronological, problem and analytical. We analyze the norms of administrative and criminal law in force in the 19th – early 20th centuries in the Russian Empire, which regulate the rights and obligations of subjects assigned to the Molokan sect. The analysis showed that the legal impact of the state on the Molokans was repressive and causal throughout most of the studied period. Only the reign of Alexander I was marked by a loyal attitude towards sectarians. After the revolutionary events of 1905, a number of civil and religious freedoms were granted to the Molokans, however, one cannot speak of the religious equality of all subjects during this period. After 1905, specialized acts were passed regulating the procedure for registering communities, holding conventions, organizing religious education, and other areas of public relations.

We consider the formation and development features of the nurseries as a special social institution in the Tambov Governorate in the early of 20th century. The governorate and county levels of declared scientific problem consideration allows to conduct the successful reconstruction of the formation and activities of infant nurseries for foundlings, orphans in both urban and rural areas, which reflected the practice of social care and charity of “trouble children”. We reveal the implementation features of county initiatives for the social protection of foundlings and orphans, as well as the levels and forms of such support for such categories of Russian society by local authorities. We clarify the possibilities of organizing nurseries for foundlings at the governorate and county hospitals and maternity wards. We note the role of particular medical workers in the development of civic initiatives and public service in the rescue of foundlings. We identify the historiographic traditions of both domestic and foreign historians in the study of the orphans charity in the context of the social work organization and the social institutions development, including nurseries. Based on the analysis of a wide range of historical sources, it was possible to identify the most successful and effective practices of organizing nurseries both in the peaceful years and in the periods of Russian-Japanese War of 1904–1905 and World War I 1914–1918, which allowed us to consider various little-studied aspects of the stated scientific problem. We reveal the regional features of the social protection system for orphans through the prism of nursery care. We clarify the position and role of the Orthodox Church on the organization of orphan charity in monasteries during the war years of 1914–1918. We reveal the main posing issues of the prospects for studying a wide range of problems in the history of orphanhood in the Tambov Governorate in the early 20th century. We pay attention to the importance of taking into account regional specifics and specific historical manifestations of social policy when conducting a study of charitable support and private public initiatives of the considered period.

We propose the first attempt at scientific sociography of the Soviet partisan movement as the most complex phenomenon of the Great Patriotic War social history. At most historic study was possible, first of all, due to the formation of publicly accessible electronic databases with tens of millions of personal records with dozens of information parameters in each. The complex processing of coherent representative information of various electronic databases on long continuous lines allows you to “gather” a collective social portrait of Soviet partisans as a complex of formative signs and compare it with collective portraits of other groups of social activists 1941–1945. Among these features-traits: the general and particular time and place of birth of future activists of the great war period, their social origin and pre-war social status, gender and age structure, national composition, interwar migrations, the status in the Workers’ and Peasants’ Red Army and the nature of participation in the war. We pay special attention to the social and historical anthropology of activism during the great war. The work is abundantly provided with graphical results of the study.

We analyze the specifics of the organization of Russian pilgrims transportation to Palestine, the activity of the Russian Society of Shipping and Trade in the organization of pilgrims delivery is evaluated, the effectiveness of the created passenger departure system is analyzed. The relevance of the study consists in a comprehensive study of the Russian Society of Shipping and Trade activities in the arrangement of pilgrimage routes, the role of the created transport infrastructure in the formation of the Russian presence in the Orthodox East. The novelty of the work is determined by the study of interdepartmental cooperation of secular structures in the arrangement of Russian Palestine, the introduction of new sources from the B.P. Mansurov’s fund (SATR. F. 972) into the scientific circulation. It is shown that the inclusion of the Russian Society of Shipping and Trade in the Palestinian project made it possible to find acceptable solutions for transporting a huge number of Russian pilgrims. For the first time in the history of Russia, a centralized departure of pilgrims to Palestine was organized, and conditions were created for their reception and placement in the Holy Places. We pay attention to the fact that the Russian Society of Shipping and Trade leadership was to not only facilitate the pilgrims transportation, but also take on part of the costs of organizing the Jerusalem consulate, while combining the posts of consul and chief agent of the Society in one person. We reveal that the infrastructure creation for the reception and accommodation of pilgrims in Palestine opened a new stage in the development of the Russian presence in the Holy Land, strengthened the cultural and religious ties of Russia and the Middle East region.

The study is devoted to the activities of an official on special instructions B.P. Mansurova in Palestine and his relationship with the chiefs of the Russian Ecclesiastical Mission – Archimandrite Porfiry (Uspensky), Bishop of Melitopol Kirill (Naumov), Archimandrite Antoninin (Kapustin). The relevance of the chosen topic is determined by the need to restore the overall picture of the Russian presence formation in the Holy Land. The novelty of the study consists in introducing into the scientific circulation sources from the personal fund of the Mansurovs’ documents from the State Archives of the Tambov Region (F. 978). It is shown that a significant part of B.P. Mansurov correspondence with Porfiry (Uspensky) was devoted to the problem of finding and organizing a marina for the reception of Russian pilgrims on Mount Athos. The Russian Society of Shipping and Trade was to act as a carrier of pilgrims. We reveal that B.P. Mansurov relations with Kyrill (Naumov) and Antonon (Kapustin) were accompanied by constant conflicts. The reason was the discrepancy between the interests of the Church and the state in the Holy Land. The church was oriented toward caring for the Mission, spiritual enlightenment, the life of pilgrims, and the state pursued the goal of protecting the interests of the Russian Empire in the Middle East. We establish that in the relations of B.P. Mansurova with the leaders of the Russian Ecclesiastical Mission clearly manifested the problems of church and state relations of the Synodal period. In its activities, the Mission had to be guided by the instructions and consent of state institutions of the Russian Empire, sometimes to the detriment of inter-church relations, the cause of Christian enlightenment of the people.

The Suez Crisis of 1956 is considered one of the most acute regional conflicts of the Cold War period. Two of the five member states of the Security Council were involved in the conflict, who actively exercised the right of “veto” during any attempts at settlement, which paralyzed the existing mechanism for resolving conflicts within the UN. The disagreements of the “great” powers threatened to grow from a diplomatic confrontation into a military one, and conflict from regional to global. The solution was found at one of the sessions of the General Assembly, where Canadian L.B. Pearson presented his idea of resolving the conflict by creating the UN Emergency Forces. The study is devoted to the idea of creating a UN peacekeeping force, the founder of which is Canadian diplomat L.B. Pearson. The purpose of this study is to analyze the role of L.B. Pearson in the formation of the idea of peacekeeping, on the example of participation in the settlement of the Suez Crisis. We discuss the historical aspects and conditions for the creation of the UN Emergency Forces, a comparative analysis was conducted with the first observation missions of the UN, substantiate principles, which became the basis for the functioning of peacekeeping forces. We draw conclusion that it was L.B. Pearson’s ideas that contributed to the resolution of one of the most acute crises of the second half of the 20th century, and the creation of peacekeeping forces proved the effectiveness of the UN in maintaining international peace and security, conflict resolution, and also laid the foundation for modern peacekeeping.

Despite the détente of 2018, the situation remains tense on the Korean Peninsula. Although the United States of America and Democratic People’s Republic of Korea summits have become almost regular, the two countries struggle to move forward with practical diplomatic work of nuclear issue, and their relations slowly creep towards a new crisis. The aim of this study is to describe the state of affairs on denuclearization or autumn 2019 and offer solutions for political progress. Current negotiations on the Korean Peninsula nuclear problem are exclusively bilateral. As a result, the entire region’s security depends on the outcome of Pyongyang and Washington. At the same time, these two players have very disparate goals and, lacking mutual trust, rarely make concessions on principal issues. For almost the entire 2019 the slipping of real negotiations was accompanied by intensive protocol communication between the leaders of North Korea and the USA. Both parties seemingly realize that they will not be able to agree, but they do not want to proceed to an open conflict just yet. Given the situation, other regional countries first and foremost, Russia should not to remain indifferent observers and call for a switch to multilateralism to ensure equal access to constructing common security.

We give evaluation of the monograph devoted to the history and cultural development of the German Democratic Republic. We highly appreciate V.V. Nefedov’s historical and cultural qualification. We give a deep analysis of the stated problem. The monograph vividly illustrates the general culture of the socialism countries.