We consider various options for modeling the educational environment. The purpose of the work is to develop models of the educational environment based on new forms of Internet socialization for an open education system. We analyze the problems of creating a project of Internet environment for Master’s Degree Students training based on innovative approach, develop the structure of the information and educational system for training Master’s Degree Students of Informatics, design the model of the innovative course “Information Reengineering”, built a scheme for integrating museum and educational space through web technologies. The results are concluded in the development of a pedagogical model of the Internet environment for the training of Master’s Degree Students on the basis of an innovative approach; modeling of the educational system “Information Reengineering”; modeling the web environment of museum and educational space. The study showed that the developed models of educational environments will implement the educational potential of new forms of communication and Internet socialization in the scientific community.

We develop and present stages of teaching Master’s Degree Students written academic discourse with group blog using. As part of the research was made an analysis of the existing stages of foreign language teaching, including blog technology using. The result of scientific works analysis is the development of stages of teaching Master’s Degree Students written academic discourse with group blog using. This stages includes the following steps and the corresponding stages: 1) introductory stage (Step 1 – The process of introducing project activities in the context of using the study group blog is carried out – description of the project, setting goals, defining tasks, and deadlines); 2) technical stage (Step 2 – Registration on one of the Internet platform related to blog technology and its subspecies – the blog of the study group; Step 3 – Discussion of information security on the Internet when working with the study group blog); 3) educational and training stage (Step 4 – Explanation of the structure of writing a specific scientific document (theoretical and practical aspect); Step 5 – Testing the theoretical component of the structure of writing a specific scientific document; Step 6 – Testing a practical component of writing a specific scientific document); 4) presentation stage (Step 7 – Finding information on a given topic of the project and its further use in fulfilling the task; Step 8 – Publishing material on the study group blog; Step 9 – Acquaintance and assessment materials published by other students with their subsequent commenting; Step 10 – Re-publication of the material taking into account the correction and error correction or publication of responses to comments of other users); 5) Final stage (Step 11 – Evaluation of the work done by students with subsequent reflection and identification of strengths and weaknesses at work, as well as identification of recommendations for further improvement; Step 12 – Evaluation of the work done by the teacher based on the indicated criteria).

These days, teaching of military linguists, as well as providing them with the necessary information resources, is becoming increasingly important. Additionally, the Portuguese language is becoming more common and relevant in international communication in various spheres of human activity. Its role in Russia’s relations with Portuguese-speaking countries, especially with Brazil and Angola, is no less significant. Exchange programs, in which Russian students visit Portuguese-speaking countries, are becoming more and more popular. Citizens of these countries, in turn, also come to study in Russia to exchange not only language experience, but also knowledge in various fields. We would like to pay special attention to military translation in this work. Active cooperation between Russia and countries such as Brazil and Angola is currently taking place in the military sphere too. Thus, the Russian Federation’s military cooperation with these countries is not limited to the supply of various types of weapons and military equipment. For example, Angola takes an active part in two stages of the International army games “ArMI”, and Brazilian delegations observe the transparency of the military competitions. All these factors demonstrate the increasing relevance and prevalence of the Portuguese language in various fields of action. In order to provide for such activities and enable high-quality international communication, highly qualified translation staff who can work with texts of various topics and in negotiations related to any aspects is required. In this regard, we cannot do without sources that would have a sufficient volume of necessary terms that affect the issues of technical and military translation.

Listening comprehension, as the most challenging receptive aspect of learning a foreign language at a technical university, is considered. It is noted that in addition to linguistic difficulties, students experience such psychological difficulties as a lack of recipient’s own perceptual experience, uncomfortable perception conditions, anxiety and fear of failure to perform this type of speech activity. It is shown that the perceptual activity of students, aimed at the auditory perception of English discourse, is naturally included in the most relevant students’ communicative competence. The study is aimed at considering psychological and pedagogical aspects in teaching ordinary listening comprehension without a video sequence and with the use of video materials. We reveal the advantages of using video materials that contribute to the creation of psychologically comfortable conditions for students in the educational process. Opinion analysis of first-year students of the St. Petersburg State University of Telecommunications on conducting listening comprehension in regular and flipped classroom modes is presented: it turns out that most students prefer to perform listening practice at home. We describe the audiovisual technology of advanced independent work on listening comprehension to professionally oriented video materials using the electronic resources VideoAnt, Mindmeister, LMS MOODLE. An advertising film of the computer company CISCO (USA) was used as video course basis, with its subject fully corresponding to the “Service” programme of St. Petersburg State University of Telecommunications.

The main goal of foreign language teaching is the development of foreign language communicative competence that implies the development of speech skills. Due to the prevalence of the competency-based approach in the methods, as well as based on the lexical approach, special attention is paid to the collocational competence development. Since the vocabulary acquisition is founded on the acquisition of the compatibility of words and phrases, and collocations are certain words in the language that tend to be used together, we should talk about the inclusion of collocational competence into the communicative competence. Informatization of education influences the methods of foreign language teaching. For the successful implementation of educational process in the modern world, the development of linguocomputer competence is necessary for both students and the teacher. Analysis of the methodic literature showed that the issue of the psychological and pedagogical conditions for the collocational competence development of students is not well covered in domestic and foreign methodic literature, and requires a more detailed study. In the presented study: 1) we conduct an analysis of the domestic and foreign scientists works on the psychological and pedagogical conditions for the competencies development; 2) we prove the importance of collocation competence development of students; 3) we study the issue of linguocomputer competence development of both students and teachers; 4) we identify the key place of the complex task “dictogloss” as a mean of collocational competence development, as well as a mean of linguocomputer competence formation and development.

The relevance of the study is substantiated by the importance of the development of students’ social and cultural competence as a component of professional foreign-language communicative competence in the training of future specialists of any profile in order to develop their ability for successful intercultural interaction. We reveal the peculiarity of the development of social and cultural skills of future specialists on the example of a research project. Research project based on the theme “Fashion. Business Fashion” is presented as an effective tool for learning foreign language culture at the value level, establishing direct links with foreign-language society, developing a secondary language personality, as well as the ability of students to explore, analyze and critically evaluate the language material with which they work in the process of learning a foreign language for special purposes. We determine the principles, on which the process of developing a student’s social and cultural skills is based, reveal the content and structure of social and cultural skills. The didactic potential of the topic “Fashion” for the development of social and cultural competence is substantiated. The stages of work on linguistic material of the topic are disclosed and the research steps of solving the problem are shown. The results obtained are of practical importance and can be used in solving pedagogical problems while preparing future bachelors for successful intercultural foreign language communication.

For the last two decades, corpus technologies, understood as a combination of means and methods of processing and analyzing data of electronic linguistic corpora, as a type of information and communication technology, have attracted great interest of researchers and teachers of foreign languages.We explain the concepts of corpus linguistics, corpus technology, linguistic corpus, concordance. The methods of studying case technologies, which are an annotation, abstraction, and analysis, are considered. The advantages of linguistic corpora are given. The history of the emergence and development of linguistic electronic cases from the pre-digital to digital period is described. Minimum requirements for the corpus of texts are presented. They include representativeness, known volume of the corpus, electronic form, annotation and balance. We consider the typology of linguistic corpora. According to the language of the texts in corpora, there are monolingual and multilingual corpora, which in turn are divided into mixed and parallel ones. According to language data, there are written, oral and mixed corpora. Corpora can be annotated and non-annotated. There are three types of annotation: linguistic, metatextual, and extralinguistic. According to the parameter of representation of the language material of a corpus, there are fragmented and non-fragmented ones. According to the type of access, they are classified as open and restricted. According to the genre representation, linguistic corpora are diverse. The size of a corpus should distinguish between representative, illustrative and monitoring types of corpora. The didactic properties of corpus technologies in the field of teaching a foreign language are studied. The division of the linguodidactic properties of case technologies into mandatory and optional is proposed.

Content and language integrated learning is a new innovative approach to professional foreign language teaching in an agrarian university. Its distinctive feature is the dual purpose of teaching – the simultaneous teaching students a foreign language and a profile specialty. Developed on the basis of actualizing reliance on intersubject connections, the course of a professional foreign language is aimed at intraprofile specialization of students and the development of a number of general professional and professional competencies in them. At the same time, the full-fledged implementation of content and language integrated learning requires appropriate changes both in the planning of a professional foreign language course and in the development of educational materials new in content and orientation. In the work, we consider the definition and main provisions of content and language integrated learning, analyze the works devoted to the courses development for English for specific purposes, offer the author’s stages of course development of a professional foreign language based on the model of content and language integrated learning. These stages include: 1) an assessment of the students’ needs; 2) determination of the goals and objectives of the course; 3) determination of course topics or content and thematic modules; 4) determination of subtopics of each content and thematic module; 5) selection of foreign texts of a professional orientation; 6) the development of problem tasks of a foreign speech and professional orientation; 7) course assessment. The work describes in detail all the stages.

Currently, content and language integrated learning is becoming more widespread in the teaching of agrarian university students. For university pedagogy, this is a fairly new and innovative approach aimed at achieving two goals at the same time: 1) the further development of students’ foreign language communicative competence; 2) the further development of professional competencies by means of a foreign language. The dual purpose testifies to the fact that with this approach, a foreign language is both the teaching goal and a mean of professional development of students. However, the effectiveness of the teaching methods will depend on the consideration of a number of pedagogical conditions. In this work we identify and substantiate six pedagogical conditions, the consideration of which, when developing the appropriate teaching methods, will contribute to the effectiveness of the process of professional foreign language teaching in an agrarian university students of the “Agricultural Engineering” programme. These conditions include: a) the selection of subject content of teaching is carried out on the basis of the implementation of intersubject communications reliance principle; b) in the learning process, problem speech tasks are used, as well as tasks that reflect the specifics of the students’ future professional activities; c) the minimum level of foreign language proficiency by students is B1-B2; d) grouping students by level of knowledge of a foreign language; e) grouping students according to their study profiles within the framework of the programme; f) the competence of the teacher in the field of foreign language, profile specialty and methods of teaching them. The work describes in detail each of the selected conditions.

In contemporary Federal State Education Standard of Higher Education in a number of agrarian university programmes, knowledge of a foreign language is presented in two competencies at once. At the same time, if earlier the goal of foreign language teaching at a university was the foreign language communicative competence development and all its subcompetencies in the social and socio-cultural spheres of communication, then modern Federal State Education Standard of Higher Education also focus on the communicative competence development in the professional sphere of communication. Such an expansion of the use of a foreign language as a means of communication has contributed to the designation of the professional foreign language communicative competency development as one of the main goals of professional foreign language teaching in an agrarian university. At the same time, scientists have not come to a consensus on the structure and component composition of professional foreign-language communicative competency. We consider the history of the issue on the example of programme “Technology of production and processing of agricultural products”, the structure and component composition of the professional foreign language communicative competency of agrarian university student are proposed. Structurally, the professional foreign-language communicative competency of students includes two components: a foreign language communicative and professional. A foreign language communicative consists of five subcompetencies: linguistic, speech, sociocultural, compensatory and educational-cognitive. The professional component includes knowledge in a specific sphere of professional activity and professional activities of specialists in a specific programme. This component will largely determine the content of teaching components of a foreign language communicative competence, adding professionally oriented subject content to the learning process, reflecting the features of specialists in the sphere of agricultural production and processing technology. In addition, as a level category, professional foreign language communicative competence of students consists of five components: value-motivational, cognitive, operational, communicative, reflective. The work describes in detail the content of these components.

We indicate the main results of the empirical and experimental work aimed at exploring the possibilities of recreational activities for people aged forty-five to fifty-four years. The need to consider and study the needs of working age people for recreational activities is determined by the state request for improving the quality of life of the population and the motivation formation for a healthy lifestyle. The purpose of this study was to identify and justify the needs of including an adult in physical educational and recreational activities. As a result of the survey among the respondents of the experimental group, the needs for recreational activities were identified, as well as the most popular form of recreational activities: classes in health groups. In addition, the priority types of classes are grouped by the types of prevailing physical activity: general health, forming the skills of a dynamic regimen or proper breathing; health-improving, developing compensatory mechanisms; specially developing, restoring utilitarian and professional motor skills. In resolutive part of the study we clarify the socially significant functions of physical education in the context of its development and application in the social work system.

The problems of professional self-realization of social workers are not sufficiently studied in modern pedagogical discourse. In the context of the stated problem, the focus of scientific analysis is aimed at identifying possible conditions for professional self-realization of social workers. In addition, specifying the necessary conditions, researchers focus on the fact that in the scientific literature they are designated as certain circumstances that contribute to the formation or development of a phenomenon or process. Our study provides a concise compilation of the results of theoretical and applied research and demonstrates the need not only to involve social workers in effective professional activity, but also to create scientifically sound conditions for their professional self-realization, which allowed us to focus on factors determining these conditions and methodological components, allowing to implement the identified conditions. In order to objectify the results of a theoretical study, the method of expert evaluation was applied to the obtained data. The expert group consisted of lecturers of the Kuban State University and lecturers of the Adyghe State University in the amount of eighteen people.

We provide a detailed analysis of the factors of preschoolers social experience formation: internal and external. The analysis of internal factors contains information on the psychophysical characteristics of preschool children: a characteristic of attention, memory, imagination, thinking of a given age children is given, the role of speech as a system-forming tool regulating the child’s mental processes is revealed. The analysis of external factors is based on a model that assumes the division of social development into four spheres: family, adults, peers, self-image. At the same time, self-image is considered as the result of the intersecting effect of three other spheres. Each of these areas is considered separately, taking into account the specifics of modern social trends and taking into account the nature of the organization of the modern preschool educational process. We give the characteristics of family relationships, the role of the adult world as a basic source of social standards for children is analyzed. When considering peers as one of the areas of social development of preschool children, special attention is given to the presence of children with disabilities among them. We point out the special role of relationships between children and peers with special educational needs, and these relationships are described as one of the meaning-forming foundations of preschool children’s formative social experience.

The analysis of contemporary pedagogical studies, the practice of special pedagogy and psychology shows that the dialogic speech development of preschoolers with mental retardation continues to be an urgent problem in the field of education and upbringing of children with disabilities. We analyze the views of various researchers on the significance of the dialogic speech development of preschoolers. It is noted that despite the apparent simplicity of the dialogue, greater independence from language norms, participation in effective communication presents significant difficulties for children of this category. We also present an analysis of the results of our own diagnostic examination of dialogic speech of senior preschoolers with mental retardation. We reveal the features of performing three tasks by children of senior preschool age in the general education group and a group of children with mental retardation. Tasks revealed the ability of children to answer questions of different types, implement the plot using the characters’ dialogue, and request information. It turned out that children with mental retardation are characterized by a long “inclusion” in the task, poor vocabulary, use of simple phrases, and inability to update their speech and thought capabilities. At the same time, the obtained data allow us to outline a perspective in the development of dialogue of children.

This study is a logical continuation of the work “On the formation of value attitude to the Russian language study at school”, which addressed the issues of language learning in three aspects: as a state, as a native and as a foreign language. In July 2018, Russia adopted the law “On the study of native languages” for the first time. Along with other national languages, for the first time Russian was considered not only as a state language, but also as a national language, requiring special attention and study. In this regard, we raise the problem of the choice of scientific approaches to the native Russian language study at the first stage of education. We study the course of “native Russian language”, define its goals and objectives and propose a list of scientific and methodological approaches to its teaching. We offer the native Russian language study from the position of four scientific aspects: axiological, communicative-activity, linguocultural and hermeneutic. The essence of each presented approaches is analyzed from the standpoint of the degree of study, development, expediency of use in primary school in theory and practice. We connect the conclusions about the success of applying the presented approaches to the native Russian language study, first of all, with the teachers, who should be an example of real knowledge of the Russian language, love for it, recognize and appreciate the richness of the native culture. We note that the introduction of additional hours of the Russian language is not intended to level the gaps in the students’ knowledge of basic course of the Russian language. Native language study should contribute to the formation of students’ perception of themselves as part of Russian culture, to form a valuable attitude not only to the language, but also to its study.

We consider the provisions of the need to strengthen the physical fitness of the special operations forces and the Main Intelligence Directorate, caused by the tendency to add to the special groups lineup people who possess high-level skills in modern computer technologies. In the special operations forces units and the Main Intelligence Directorate, there is a high selection of employees in terms of physical condition and perfect mastery of the electronic equipment skills, while at the same time, the equipment is constantly being improved. On a massive scale, objectively team cannot equally possess the skills of working with computer technology, only particularly unique specialists are able to perfectly work in this direction. The life of these military personnel in the process of warfare must be preserved first of all. This causes a tendency to increase the level of physical fitness of the personnel of these special forces, especially when exercising the load against the backdrop of complex fatigue.

We analyze the most frequently encountered problems in the field of occupational hazards of library workers. Negative consequences of influence of professional work in the library is the nervous system overvoltage appearance, leading to internal emotional exhaustion and “emotional burnout” syndrome; the development of physical inactivity, leading to irregular functioning of the musculoskeletal and cardiovascular systems of workers; fatigue occurrence and vision loss in the process for a personal computer. In addition, the main activity of the librarian is carried out in paper and book dust negative impact conditions, the presence of pathogenic bacteria and fungi in the microflora, non-compliance of microclimate parameters in the premises of libraries with the required standards. A serious risk to which librarians are exposed in their workplaces is associated with the respiratory diseases development, which may be allergic in nature (bronchial asthma) or airborne transmission (tuberculosis, influenza viruses). The results of lung capacity testing, breathe retention time on inhalation and exhalation of female students of 1–2 courses of the Culture and Arts Faculty of Derzhavin Tambov State University allow us to reveal a picture of the respiratory system functional state, exposed to significant risk in the professional activity process of the library sphere employee. Knowledge and skills system formation related to occupational safety, health, library workers certain diseases prevention should be laid in the period of study at the university, including physical education.

We reveal the content of “performance skill” concept in the process of implementation of artistic and creative potential in the framework of initial piano training. Attention is paid to the ways of preparing the student for a concert performance, which are necessary for overcoming stage excitement. We analyze and highlight modern platforms and projects that affect the success rate of skill formation in children’s performance practice, taking into account different degrees of giftedness. The degree of performance success depends on the competent construction of educational work by the teacher, the complex development of individual abilities of the student. It is emphasized that the process of mastering performance skills is carried out in result of cognitive interests formation of the student depending on the creative abilities, as well as increasing the overall musical culture of the child. It is determined that the ability to convey the most effective own way of work interpretation is possible as a result of continuous public activity from the first steps of a young musician. We draw conclusion that it is necessary to create additional conditions for creative self-realization of students during the initial training in playing the instrument, in which the process of forming the studied skill can be more effective by developing separate leisure programs and including family music.

In modern fast-paced world, changes are also taking place in the education system. A search is constantly being made for new forms, means, technologies for presenting information in order to increase the volume and improve the quality of assimilation of educational information by school students. Given the current informational oversaturation, there is a need for certain conditions to be presented to educational information, consisting in the supply of knowledge to students in a visually imaginative way by folding information. This is what visualization technology does. We consider the formation of visualization technology in a historical perspective and the ideas about this technology from different scientists. We also consider the features of teaching school students the visual arts based on visualization technology. We describe the process of translating visually obtained information into a visual series. The visualization technology used in the educational process at the lessons of visual art allows you to reach and engage all students, including “visuals”, “audiles” and “kinestics”. The scheme of organization and assimilation of knowledge in the process of visualization is given, taking into account the main features of human memory. We provide recommendations for teachers who want to master and apply visualization technology in their educational activities.

We consider the process of the appearance, foundation and development of the first broadcloth manufactories in the Tambov Governorate in the second half of the 18th century in the future factory centers and the largest commercial and industrial villages: Rasskazovo and Bondari, which predetermined the leading position of the Tambov Region in the broadcloth industry of the country during the 19-20th centuries. The relevance of the study comes from the need to establish the historical conditionality of the origin and development of industrial production in the agricultural region with entrepreneurial activity of certain citizens and active state support of this direction. We pay special attention to the economic potential characteristic of the region for new manufactories creation in the 18th century and merchants-manufacturers personalities (Olesov, Tulinov, the Gardenins and Demidov) from neighboring regions, who founded the first factories in the considered villages. We specify the chronology of the founding and activity of the broadcloth factories of the Tambov Governorate. We describe in detail the material infrastructure, manufactured products and used labor; we trace the communications of Tambov factories and manufacturers with other regions and government departments. The study provides a status summary of the governorate’s industry in the post-reform period (preceding the beginning of intensive industrialization).

The historiography of the history of entrepreneurial activity in the largest region of Russia is poorly studied. We present a historiographic analysis of the study of the entrepreneurship history in Siberia in the second half of the 19th – early 20th centuries, the main approaches, research problems in different periods of the existence of the Russian state. To date, a significant amount of work has been published on the history of the life and activities of entrepreneurs of pre-revolutionary Siberia. Researchers managed to collect a large amount of factual material, study the history of the formation and development of entrepreneurship in the region, cover almost all aspects of the life of business people. Historians have put into scientific circulation extensive factual material, published analytical works on various problems of the history of entrepreneurship in Siberia, such as the origin, number, composition, forms of activity, social and cultural appearance, family relations, the daily lives of entrepreneurs, etc. Genre variety of scientific literature on entrepreneurs of Siberia was a reflection of the wide professional and public interest in trade and other entrepreneurial activities. The theoretical basis is the modernization theory. The main research method is historiographic analysis. Currently, there is a large number of publications, their genre diversity, an increase in the source base, which need historiographic reflection. An analysis of historiography makes it possible to prepare generalizing scientific works on the problems of the entrepreneurship history in pre-revolutionary Siberia.

We analyze the regulatory framework for the formation of Desertion Commissions of various levels – emergency agencies that existed in the early Soviet post-revolutionary period. The relevance of the study is determined by the widespread use of quasi-judicial forms, both in retrospect and in the modern legal field: the introduction of mediation procedures, administrative proceedings. Quasi-judicial institutions in the Soviet model of statehood occupied a significant place and accompanied a parallel system of people’s courts. A study of quasi-judicial bodies and their powers in retrospect allows us to clarify both the theoretical value and the practical implementation of the justice forms. The aim of the study is to reconstruct the history of the Desertion Commissions in their hierarchy on archival materials of the Tambov Governorate and regulations. The research methods were the formal legal analysis of historical and legal acts of the Soviet era: a comparative analysis of the powers and activities of quasi-judicial bodies and people’s courts. We establish the emergency powers of the Desertion Commissions, based on the principles of mutual responsibility, hostage, at the same time, we substantiate the existence of elements of judicial mediation in the framework of their activities.

We trace an episode illustrating the humanitarian component of the social cataclysm. On the basis of partially for the first time entered into scientific circulation archival documents, we consider destructive economic and cultural manifestations of the revolution period and civil war on the example of the city estate of M.V. Aseev which was in the beginning of the 20th century one of architectural and cultural dominants of the governorate center. After nationalization, it was assumed unrealized adaptation of the “House of Aseev” under the orphanage, which led to its actual abandonment. The transfer of the estate to the use of the emerging state university implied a dual purpose: the elimination of homelessness and the formation of the material base of the higher education institution, which can count on centralized funding. The development of the revolution into a large-scale civil war made it impossible to implement it. We trace the bureaucratic red tape with the transfer of the estate to the Agronomical faculty of Tambov State University, which lasted until the beginning of 1919, and increased the neglect of buildings and territory. The lack of funds at the disposal of the university and local authorities did not allow to stop the destruction of the estate. The data, which we give, characterize the increasing destruction – desolation of premises, land, water supply systems, heating, electricity, sewerage.

We pay attention to the relevant and poorly studied topic of sanitary condition and improvement problems of the small Russian city in the first decade of Soviet regime. The aim of the study is to identify the changes that have occurred in the sanitary condition of the provincial city under the influence of modernization processes. In this case, the sanitary condition is considered as a set of indicators characterizing technologies and practices of water supply and waste disposal, condition and pollution of city streets, squares, yards and reservoirs. The analysis of the sanitary state and the degree of well-being of the dynamically developing governorate city with a population of just over 18 thousand people allowed filling the gap of the urban environment daily history of the early Soviet period and identifying the key factors of exacerbation of sanitary problems. As a result, it was found that Cherepovets, as well as more large Soviet cities were characterized by pollution problems of the urban area and water basins, which had a significant impact on the sanitary situation. The deterioration of housing conditions and reduced material well-being compared to the previous period also had a negative impact on the sanitary situation in the city. We should note the efforts of the city authorities and a number of representatives of the city community aimed at health education of the population and addressing issues related to the urban environment improvement.

We analyze the influence of the official ideology on the content of the local press. We show exactly how the influence of propaganda was reflected. Actually, it could not be otherwise, as the mass media were financed by the state. We provide examples of how the newspaper agitated, encouraged to act and dictated the only correct interpretation of certain events. At the same time, it is reflected how “Tambovskaya Pravda” became the last instance for ordinary Soviet citizens. In addition to the issues of the main regional newspaper of the 20th century, we use publications devoted to such topics as official propaganda. We note what significance the press had in the first post-war five-year plan. In addition, the impact of the Cold War on the articles content in the newspaper “Tambovskaya Pravda” was analyzed. It is noted that the mass media had influence on the formation of the enemy image in the Soviet citizens minds. Characteristic words, formulaic slogans speak about the similarity of publications. It is worth noting how the newspaper pages note labor feats and vice versa, berated for the failure of the plan and laziness. On the basis of all this, we come to the conclusion that the print media contributed to the mythologization of authorities and the growth of faith in its infallibility.

We present the development history of fair trade and fairs in the Akmola Region of the Steppe territory in the second half of the 19th – early 20th centuries. We show the dynamics of fair number and the geography of their distribution in the counties of the region. We analyze the range of goods at the fairs, total trade and directions of goods flows, identify growth causes and factors of the fair trades in the Akmola Region and substantiate importance of the fairs in development of commodity-money relations and formation of a market space in the region. The historical importance of the Akmola fairs was that there was a commercial and economic development of the Asian outskirts of the Russian Empire due to them, and also tasks of promoting the goods from Asian regions to the all-Russian market were solved. The Kazakh steppe attracted Russian capital as a market for cheap raw materials and a market for industrial products of the central regions of the country due to the underdevelopment of industry in the region. The fairs in the Akmola Region attracted a wide population of the region into trades, which ensured their stability and gradual growth. The fairs promoted development of various crafts and handicraft industries among the local population.