Importance. The study presents the results of implementing a methodological model for content and language integrated learning (CLIL) in a technical university, utilizing a digital glossary as both a repository for professional and linguistic data and a pedagogical instrument, aimed at enhancing the learning experience within the context of the aviation English course. The purpose is to foster a consistent improvement of students’ foreign language speaking and related language skills, thereby contributing to the professional development of future aviation professionals capable of effectively carrying out their duties in accordance with International Civil Aviation Organization requirements.
Materials and Methods. This study utilizes methods such as analyzing relevant scientific literature and documentation from the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO), which govern the requirements for aviation personnel language training. Additionally, online platforms suitable for developing a digital glossary are compared and selected. Furthermore, an experiment is conducted and observations are made.
Results and Discussion. Based on the experience of implementing digital technologies in the process of foreign language teaching an experimental training has been conducted on the basis of Saint-Petersburg State University of Civil Aviation.
Conclusion. An introduction of digital g lossary as an element o f model in the content and language integrated learning process provides the conditions for development and improvement of foreign language proficiency and professional knowledge and, consequentially, provides a better qualification of future civil aviation pilots

Importance. Linguistic corpora are a valuable resource for teaching foreign languages. Recently, there has been a surge in publications highlighting the didactic potential of these corpora for teaching not only lexico-grammatical skills but also productive skills. This trend is linked to the development of multimodal and learner corpora, the simplification of user interfaces, and the increased accessibility of corpus technologies. Consequently, there is a pressing need to develop and test new methodological models for integrating language corpora into teaching practices.
Materials and Methods. During the study, a thorough analysis of the scientific literature has been conducted to establish the theoretical framework for the research. Methods of comparison, contrast, generalization are applied.
Results and Discussion. The key phases in the data-driven approach to foreign language teaching development have been identified. The advantages of utilizing linguistic corpora in the language classroom have been outlined. A methodological model for working with multimodal corpora to enhance interaction skills is proposed, using the French-language corpus FLEURON as an example.
Conclusion. Linguistic corpora have been utilized in foreign language teaching for over 40 years; however, their application in teaching practice remains limited. The didactic functions of linguistic corpora can optimize and enhance the educational process. Future research should focus on developing methodologies for integrating multimodal corpora into foreign language instruction.

Problem Statement. The advent of neural network-based machine translation systems and large language models has brought significant changes to the translation services market, impacting employment and prompting concerns among students and prospective linguists about the future of the translation profession. This study aims to identify mismatches between the expectations of linguistics students and the real-life market situation to promote more realistic attitudes in students, and increase their motivation.
Materials and Methods. In 2024, a survey was conducted among 122 Linguistics majors from four Russian universities. The sample was representative, with a reliability level of 66.7 %. The survey included questions regarding preferred types of translation types in demand, and the outlook for the profession, facilitating a comparative analysis with the current situation on the translation services market.
Results and Discussion. While students have a reasonable understanding of market demand for various types of translation, their preferences do not align with the most in-demand industries. Notably, there is a low level of interest in scientific, technical, medical, and legal translation, despite these fields being highly sought after. Moreover, many students hold a pessimistic view of the profession's future, fearing that translators will be replaced by machine translation systems.
Conclusions. Despite their awareness of market realities, students are reluctant to focus on the most in-demand types of translation. This reluctance is attributed to a lack of knowledge in the exact sciences and a distorted perception of the profession, influenced by popular culture. The study recommends strengthening career guidance efforts and modernizing educational programs to better align with market needs, as well as emphasizing the continued importance of professional translators in the context of technological advancements

Importance. The development and implementation of a visual cognitive approach in teaching methods of extracting, processing, memorizing, storing, and transmitting a large amount of information as well as its transformation and rethinking in new realities for the development of conceptual thinking and the formation of cognitive self-regulation skills seem to be relevant. The aim of the paper is to develop the applicative model of the cognitive visualization elements while teaching a foreign language in a technical university.
Materials and Methods. The theoretical and methodological basis of the study are the works of V.Z. Dem’yankov, A.A. Verbitsky, T.A. Syrina, A.N. Pogrebnova, L.E. Mnguni and others. The following methods have been used while conducting the study: content analysis of scientific and methodological literature, theoretical synthesis, experimental work, and pedagogical experience generalization.
Results and Discussion. The application of a visual cognitive approach with visual support in the form of video material on the topic of the lesson is considered and a set of exercises within the framework of this approach for the development of professional communication skills is presented. The stages of working with a video clip and processing information in cognitive structures are presented. All tasks contain visual aids that allow processing, structuring and interpreting the information presented in the video fragment. The lesson ends with a creative task that stimulates the development of cognitive abilities.
Conclusion. The visual cognitive approach to teaching a foreign language can be an effective tool to stimulate the learning process and increase students’ motivation. Cognitive strategies are aimed at developing mental processes such as attention, memory, thinking and problem solving

Abstract. The active development of international cooperation in new directions in various fields and areas of activity, changing positions in the labor market, have entailed increased demands on specialists in the teaching foreign languages field. The purpose of the study is to analyze the “professionally oriented foreign language communicative competence” concept, and also consider the formation methodological competence technology in the context of professional training of a future teacher in practical classes in English.
Materials and Methods. Scientific and methodological literature analysis, systematization and comparative study of approaches to the characteristics and content interpretation of the “professionally oriented foreign language communicative competence” and “methodological competence” concepts – as a professionally significant structural component, educational activities design in the context of methodological competence formation among junior year linguodidactic students profiles in language classes constituted a complex of methodological approaches used in this work.
Results and Discussion. The existing approaches to the interpretation of the term “professionallyoriented foreign language communicative competence” and its components – subcompetences, including methodological competence – have been studied. The number of work methods for developing methodological competence among 2nd year students of linguodidactic profiles in practical language classes are described.
Conclusion. Methodological aspects’s integration into the linguistic education content in junior years helps to improve the professional training quality of students – future foreign language teachers. The methodological competence formation among students of linguodidactic profiles in practical classes in a foreign language is a necessary condition for the successful implementation of their future professional activities

Importance. Every day, thousands of people use chatbots for educational purposes: someone uses them to search for necessary information, someone uses them to do homework and prepare for lessons, but most simply use them to communicate, including in a foreign language. Paying attention to the didactic properties of chatbots and their methodological functions, it is not surprising that they are so rapidly integrated into language education, bringing many advantages. However, the issues of ensuring the quality of feedback from chatbots, information security and prevention of AI plagiarism, which students can use in the future, still remain controversial. Despite the fact that in modern scientific and methodological literature there is a body of work devoted to the integration of artificial intelligence technologies in foreign language teaching, in which the authors mainly considered the use of chatbots and neural networks for the development of students’ writing skills, no special conditions were noted that determine the minimum significant requirements for the beginning of the educational process which affect the effectiveness of training. Therefore, the purpose of this work is to identify the organizational and pedagogical conditions for teaching students foreign language written interaction based on practice with chatbots.
Materials and Methods. To identify the organizational and pedagogical conditions for teaching students foreign language written interaction based on practice with chatbots, the following groups of research methods are used: a) theoretical methods are used to familiarize and analyze scientific and methodological literature on the organization of foreign language teaching based on AI technologies in order to study the accumulated experience; b) empirical methods are used to conduct a survey of students and identify their general awareness of AI technologies and their didactic potential, observe the interaction of students with chatbots, and describe the results of the study. Definition of Concepts. The key concepts are “chatbot” and “language model”. To reveal the essence of chatbots in teaching a foreign language, their didactic properties and methodological functions are analyzed, and an up-to-date classification is presented.
Results and Discussion. The organizational and pedagogical conditions for teaching students foreign language written interaction based on practice with chatbots have been revealed: a) the level of foreign language communicative competence development of students by the beginning of training should be at least average (B1-B2) according to the Pan-European scale of foreign language proficiency CEFR; b) the presence of students and the teacher of industrial engineering skills for effective interaction with chatbots; c) conducting instruction with students on compliance with information security when interacting with chatbots; d) compliance with the rules of author ethics and prevention of plagiarism generated by chatbots; e) motivating students to use chatbots for educational purposes; f) developing a step-by-step learning algorithm and step-by-step following this algorithm.
Conclusion. The identification of organizational and pedagogical conditions for teaching students foreign language written interaction based on practice with chatbots allows us to identify pain points at the initial stage of training and prevent the development of negative scenarios when using AI technologies. Compliance with the identified organizational and pedagogical conditions makes it possible to achieve increased efficiency in the development of students’ foreign language writing skills. The obtained research results can be used to design methodological systems for teaching a foreign language using chatbots and other AI technologies.

Importance. The textbook represents a central link in the management of the learning process and it is one of the effective ways to optimize the teaching of a non-native language at school. The relevance of the study is determined b y the demand for the theory of the textbook in non-native languages in connection with the widespread study of Russian as a foreign language, as well as the need to provide the educational process of mastering a non-native language with a reliable means of learning.
Materials and Methods. A set of complementary and mutually verifying methods are used, namely: a) scientometric analysis of works on the problems of designing school textbooks, particularly in foreign language; b) comparative analysis of current foreign languages textbooks, identifying their positive and negative aspects; c) questionnaire survey of foreign language teachers in the city of Nizhny Novgorod and Nizhny Novgorod region to identify the effectiveness of a particular line of textbooks; d) generalization of positive pedagogical practices of teachers on the selected line of textbooks; e) development of recommendations for the design of a new generation foreign language textbook in modern conditions.
Results and Discussion. The study defines and clarifies the functions of a foreign language textbook, in the unity of informational, teaching, motivating and controlling, and describes the nomenclature of special methodological principles of designing textbooks and teaching aids. The methodological recommendations for designing foreign language textbooks and teaching aids based on the analysis of the strengths and weaknesses of the current educational and methodical kits are given.
Conclusion. The conclusion is that in the conditions of choosing a foreign language textbook, the teacher should be guided by such criteria as: appropriately selected language and speech material; adequate for a given class subject base in the form of topics and speech situations organized according to the thematic principle; the presence in the textbook of a clear apparatus for managing the process of formation of speech skills and abilities; the internal connection of the foreign language textbook with other components of the teaching-methodical kit.

Importance. The research describes the content of an online course on Russian as a foreign language, developed for medical students based on the axiological approach. The relevance of the study is due to the role of professional values in the development of future doctors. Among the value orientations of a doctor, an important place is occupied by the attitude to the word as a means of influencing the patient, since in Russian culture there is still an idea of the healing power of the word. The purpose of this study is to describe the online course “The Art of Communicating with a Patient in Russian” for foreign medical students, developed based on the axiological approach.
Materials and Methods. The study is conducted using the following methods: analysis, generalization, observation, and pedagogical experiment. A total of 92 foreign 2nd-year students studying in the fields of “General Medicine” and “Dentistry” from near and far abroad countries took part. The pedagogical experiment was conducted at the Russian Language Department No. 5 of the Russian Language Institute of the Patrice Lumumba Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia during the spring semester of the 2023/2024 academic year. The work is based on an axiological approach, which involves the selection of didactic material taking into account the value criterion – a word as a means of healing.
Results and Discussion. It has been proven that the selected didactic materials on Russian as a foreign language for students of medical specialties based on the axiological approach contribute to the development of a value-based attitude towards language as a means of healing and influence, which ensures high-quality professional training of students and promotes the development of communication in Russian.
Conclusion. The online course “The Art of Communicating with a Patient in Russian” for foreign medical students described in the study, selected using the value criterion, allows for the implementation of didactic tasks and the achievement of educational goals, namely: to form in students a system of value orientations, attitudes, and beliefs aimed at developing professional communication.

Importance. The conception and structure development of the dictionary entry of the Russian precedents dictionary intended for teaching foreign students is presented. Modern educational practices aimed at learning Russian as a foreign language require the development of specialized lexicographic resources. Precedential phenomena are significant components of national culture that contribute to the development of a deep comprehension of language and intercultural communication. The creation of a modern dictionary that takes the specifics of foreign language students’ perception into account is a significant step in this area. The aim of the research is to analyze traditional elements of a dictionary entry and to develop new ones.
Materials and Methods. The study is based on the analysis of dictionaries and digital platforms. Methods of comparative analysis, structural description, and dictionary entry modeling are applied, enabling the identification of key elements and the proposal of their optimal combination. A survey among foreign students has been conducted.
Results and Discussion. Traditional and new elements included in the structure of dictionary entries are identified. The components include the heading, phonetic transcription and audio support, source reference, explanatory note, linguocultural commentary, visual aids, usage examples, and exercises. The proposed dictionary, enriched with modern elements, serves as a tool for enhancing linguocultural competence, facilitating the understanding of linguistic allusions, and addressing the specifics of Russian-language communication.
Conclusion. The structure of dictionary entries should incorporate both traditional and modern components that enhance the dictionary’s functionality. Adding supplementary cultural and contemporary data enriches dictionary entries, making them more adaptable to learners’ needs. The importance of a comprehensive approach to the development of dictionary entries for a modern dictionary of Russian precedents, which can become an effective tool for studying the language and culture, is highlighted.

Importance. One of the innovative forms of teaching Russian as a foreign language is considered – an educational excursion, with the help of which all components of communicative competence are formed: linguistic, discursive, pragmatic and socio-cultural. Based on the theoretical aspects of the study, the specifics of the competence approach, the essence and structure of communicative competence, its role in learning a foreign language are considered, a general idea of innovative forms of teaching Russian as a foreign language is given, criteria for the selection of authentic texts for the development of an educational excursion are proposed. Special attention is paid to the pedagogical tasks that are solved by classes in the form of excursions: working out new vocabulary, communication in realistic conditions, broadcasting information about Russian history and culture in a natural communication situation, etc. The purpose of the study is to determine the didactic potential of the excursion as a form of occupation.
Materials and Methods. The material of the study is thematic authentic texts, videos and images, textbooks on Russian as a foreign language, used in classes with foreign students. The following methods are used during the study: descriptive and analytical method, conceptual analysis, modeling.
Results and Discussion. As a methodological material, a system of tasks for pre- and postexcursion stages is proposed, recommendations on the organization of training within the framework of the excursion are presented.
Conclusion. It is proposed to use the format of a city tour for 1) introducing the necessary linguistic and cultural information; 2) consolidating well-known vocabulary and expanding vocabulary on the topics “City and Transport”, “Biography”, etc.; 3) practicing verbs of movement; 4) developing skills of independent oral utterance; 5) forming skills of teamwork

Importance. The relevance of the research is due to the need to transform the system of practiceoriented education in the new conditions of the student’s professional socialization, and to search for effective mechanisms for Internet socialization. The study presents the organisational and pedagogical conditions for the formation of professional and value orientations of students in the Internet socialization process: program development for the development of professional values; organization of special online courses and webinars aimed at developing professional values; creation of a favourable educational Internet environment for the formation of professional values; involving students in professional activities and practice using online practices, online platforms for freelancing and remote work, online educational platforms or other online resources; organization of interaction between students, teachers, representatives of the business community in the conditions of Internet socialization in order to form professional and value orientations of students. The criteria and indicators of the development of student’s professional and value orientations are determined: cognitive, activity-based, emotional-evaluative.
Materials and Methods. The study involves 62 students from Derzhavin Tambov State University and Moscow State University of Technology and Management named after K.G. Razumovsky (First Cossack University). Basic research methods: analysis of literary sources, testing, questionnaires, experiment. To statistically test the significance of the results, the Mann–Whitney U-test and the Wilcoxon signed rank test have been used.
Results and Discussion. The main results of experimental work on approbation of organizational and pedagogical conditions in the process of undergoing technological and pre-graduate internship are presented.
Conclusion. The performance assessment analysis showed the effectiveness of using the selected organizational and pedagogical conditions to increase the effectiveness of the formation of professional and value orientations of students in the Internet socialization process

Importance. The modern educational system is focused on various types of activities, which is associated with the use of innovative technologies. Pedagogical technology is a set of psychological and pedagogical attitudes that determine a special set and arrangement of forms, methods, ways and techniques of teaching, educational means. The relevance of the problem of using innovative educational technologies to develop students’ vocal and performing culture is associated with the need for a harmonious combination of old and new teaching methods in order to ensure sustainable development and disclosure of the potential of young performers. The purpose of the study is to reveal the features of the formation of students’ vocal and performing culture by means of educational innovative technologies.
Materials and Methods. Scientific literature and educational resources are analyzed. Information is systematized and organizational and pedagogical conditions for innovative forms and techniques of teaching students vocal and performing culture are substantiated.
Results and Discussion. Educational innovative technologies are the most promising to develop students’ vocal and performing culture if the curriculum contains new disciplines aimed at the latest research in the field of musical culture and vocal art; the use of interactive technologies, mobile apps and online-resources allows to create a flexible educational environment and creates access to more information and materials for studying vocal art; the application of virtual reality technologies allows to immerse in the musical composition and feel like a performer on stage.
Conclusion. The process of developing students’ vocal and performing culture by means of educational innovative technologies is complex and multifaceted and requires a comprehensive approach. Simultaneous use of traditional and innovative approaches allows students to gain a complex comprehension of vocal art, develop creative abilities in theatre art, and adjust to contemporary conditions

Importance. The problem of development of a student’s readiness for the chosen profession in modern conditions is relevant for many social and humanitarian studies. The development of professional skills of choreographer students occurs throughout the entire period of study at the university. Currently, we see the reform of the higher education system, the inclusion in the curricula of universities of subjects aimed at developing creative abilities and developing skills for the professional readiness of a future teacher-choreographer for the collective creative activity of his students. Professional training of a future teacher-choreographer provides the opportunity to develop a personality in such a way that the student himself can further reveal his professional and creative individuality. It is no secret that the effectiveness of the educational process largely depends on various factors, among which we can note the teaching methodology, the presence of competent and creative specialists, a well-structured educational process, an individual approach to each student and much more. The purpose of the study is to substantiate content characteristics of the professional readiness of a future teacher for collective creative activity of adolescents
Materials and Methods. Theoretical methods are applied. Thus, an analysis of the scientific literature and theoretical base on the topic of the study has been carried out. The classification method is used to study such concepts and systematize them. In order to present information within the framework of this study on the topic under study, a generalization is used, this method allows to identify the most common signs of the described phenomena.
Results and Discussion. During the study, the concept of “professional education of higher educational institutions” has been revealed. The features of teaching choreographers, including the principle of cultural conformity, are considered. The theoretical, methodological and practical aspects of professional education are defined. Moreover, this work determines the importance of teaching students to the role of a teacher in a creative team, as a person capable of forming a holistic personality of students. The study also raises the question of the need to train future teacherchoreographer to work in an inclusive educational space.
Conclusion. Thus, the development of professional readiness of future teachers-choreographers for collective creative activity of adolescents is an integral part of their education. It allows them to acquire not only technical skills and knowledge, but also to develop creative potential, leadership qualities and critical thinking. Such specialists are able to successfully work in the field of education and culture, contributing to the development and dissemination of the art of dance

Importance. Student youth is an crutial group, whose education and upbringing in this difficult stage of personal development is carried out through the higher educational institutions’ activity. The mental and moral culture upbringing of a modern young person requires special means, conditions, and methods. One of the methods to socialize students and introduce them to socially significant values is their participation in volunteering, which can form their moral and cultural guidelines. The purpose of the study is to identify the specifics of the formation of students' moral culture through volunteer activities.
Research Methods. General scientific methods are used to identify the features of creating pedagogical potential for the formation of moral orientations of the person. To define the concept of “volunteering”, which has complex structure, such methods as the analysis of theoretical material on the research topic are used. Methods of phenomena systematization and classification are used and processes described in the work to identify logical patterns and structural features of the described phenomena and processes. To determine the formation specifics of pedagogical opportunities for the education of moral culture through the means of volunteering, a generalization is used.
Results and Discussion. This research defines and characterizes the multidimensional concept of “volunteering” in terms of historical development, functions, and directions. In addition, the influence of volunteering on the formation of the personality of students is revealed. The article analyzes the use of volunteering in the educational and educational system of higher educational institutions as a way of educating the moral culture of the personality of students, as well as their socialization and successful integration into society as successful specialists.
Conclusion. The study revealed that the pedagogical capabilities of higher educational institutions in the formation of the moral culture of the personality of students can be realized through their participation in volunteering.

Importance. The solution to the problem of correcting the motor sphere of children with intellectual disabilities lies in the development of coordination abilities. The purpose of the work is to develop and experimentally substantiate a set of exercises aimed at correcting the development of coordination abilities of adolescents with a mild degree of mental retardation.
Materials and Methods. The study has been conducted among students of the Shuya Correctional Boarding School. The participants have been 13–14 year old teenagers (24 people). A set of 40 exercises has been developed, which is aimed at correcting motor actions caused by a low degree of development of coordination abilities. The exercises are divided into three blocks: for balance development (15 exercises); exercises for developing precision of movements (15 exercises) and for developing the ability to differentiate muscle efforts (10 exercises). They are performed from various initial positions of the body in space: standing, sitting, lying on the stomach and back, standing on one leg, knee, toes and heels, with open and closed eyes. The set of exercises was implemented during the 2023/2024 academic year. The degree of development of coordination abilities has been assessed using the following tests: “shuttle run 3×10”, “jumping rope in 1 minute”, “throwing a ball at a target”, “Romberg test”.
Results and Discussion. It is established that the use of a set of special exercises allows to increase the degree of development of coordination abilities in adolescents aged 13–14. The results of adolescent boys and girls who attended physical education lessons using a special set became significantly higher than those of adolescents whose classes were conducted without an accentuated development of coordination abilities.
Conclusion. According to the final test results, a positive effect of the exercise complex on the development of coordination abilities in adolescents with mild mental retardation has been revealed.

Importance. Physical training in striking types of combat sports is the main task on which the skill of the athlete is based. At the stage of initial training of young kickboxers, the greatest attention is paid to increasing the level of general physical fitness, i.e. all physical qualities of the athlete are actively developed. The possibility of using various programs, technologies and fitness means in the training process of athletes of different sports is proved by many scientific studies. The implementation of fitness means in the training process of kickboxers of 11–12 years old will promote the harmonious development of all physical qualities, will increase the interest of young athletes to the classes. The aim of the study is to identify effective means of physical training of 11–12 year old kickboxers.
Materials and Methods. Analysis of scientific and methodological literature on the research topic, pedagogical observations of the training process of young kickboxers, the method of control tests, an instrumental method (measuring the reaction to a moving object), a comparative pedagogical experiment, methods of mathematical statistics.
Results and Discussion. The effect of the fitness introduction tools into the training process is expressed in significantly higher increases in the results of control tests to assess the general and special physical fitness of kickboxer athletes aged 11–12 years. The place of rhythmic gymnastics complexes and Kibo-aerobics combinations based on kickboxing technical exercises in the structure of training sessions for young kickboxers at the initial training stage has been determined.
Conclusion. The effectiveness of rhythmic gymnastics and aerobic programs based on martial arts in the training process of kickboxers aged 11–12 years has been proven

Importance. Currently, the organization of the higher education system must ensure the full immersion of students with disabilities in the general educational process. This circumstance requires the development of adaptive physical education programs aimed not only at eliminating deviations in the physical development of students with disabilities that arose as a result of the underlying disease, but also ensuring their adaptation and socialization in the student community. In this regard, the search for and implementation of non-traditional means of motor activity and forms of organizing adaptive physical education classes at the university are urgent tasks.
Materials and Methods. Based on the review and theoretical analysis of scientific publications, questionnaires have been developed; and sample surveys of students and teachers of the Theory and Methods of the Physical Culture Department at Derzhavin Tambov State University have been conducted.
Results and Discussion. The questionnaires has been conducted to identify the opinion of students with disabilities and practicing teachers on this matter. The questionnaires contained ten questions, the wording of which differed for students and teachers in order to identify their attitudes to each item of the questionnaire. The study involved 11 teachers of Theory and Methods of Physical Education Department of Derzhavin Tambov State University and 34 students with disabilities.
Conclusion. To sum up, the implementation of non-traditional means of motor activity and nonstandard forms of organizing educational classes in adaptive physical education will provide an opportunity for all students to study simultaneously, regardless of the limitation degree and their health condition, which will not only minimize the disruption of their physical condition that arose as a result of the underlying disease, but also eliminate social barriers.

Importance. The study examines the precedence of the Terek and Kuban Cossack troops regiments, approved by the Supreme Decree of Emperor Alexander II in 1874 according to the previously submitted report of the Commander-in-Chief of the Caucasian Army, Grand Duke Mikhail Nikolaevich. The correspondence of the Kuban regiment of the Kuban Cossack troops precedence to published and unpublished sources of the imperial period is specifically considered. The research shows for the first time the discrepancy between the precedence appointed by the Emperor and various author’s certificates and documents, which contributes to the development of the regimental historiography of Kuban. The purpose of the study is to determine the actual precedence of the Kuban Regiment of the Kuban Cossack Army as being related to 1796 and not to an earlier period.
Materials and Methods. The research is based on the few published studies of the Caucasian War era where the Kuban Regiment was mentioned, and previously unpublished archival documents drawn from federal and regional archives. The principles of historicism, general scientific principles, and source-based and special historical methods are used in the research.
Results and Discussion. Based on the analysis of legislative acts of the Russian Empire, the study establishes that if the time of the beginning of military service to the Russian state of most of the Cossack formations of the North Caucasus correlated with published rescripts, however, in some cases, precedence was completely not confirmed by either the Complete Collection of Laws of the Russian Empire, or special author’s works published before 1874, or archival primary sources. One of these incidents was the appointment of the Kuban regiment of the Kuban troops’ precedence, which, without any evidence, was correlated to the time of the creation of the Volga Cossack troops, settled on the Tsaritsyn line in 1732. Such a vision of the past of one of the honoured Kuban regiments is completely inconsistent with the available sources of various published and unpublished information of the 19th century. This absolutely far-fetched fact continues to be replicated in modern publications and various Internet publications.
Conclusion. According to the various sources, it is concluded that the true precedence of the Kuban regiment of the Kuban troops is still connected with 1796, when the military service of this Cossack linear formation, created exclusively from Don Cossacks resettled in 1794, really began on the frontier of the Northwestern Caucasus. The mentions of some imperial historians about the presence of “Volga Cossacks” in its composition are in no way confirmed by archival documents as well as by the author’s evidence of the era

Importance. The study examines the history of the legalist movement through memoir sources. The purpose of the study is, on the basis of memoir literature, to identify internal connections and groups that have developed within the liberal jurisprudence of the Russian Empire, to identify elements of legalist ideology based on memoirs and diaries.
Materials and Methods. A significant part of the memoirs and diaries have been published. This makes the researcher’s tasks easier. The use of archival sources (manuscript department of the Russian National Library, Russian State Archive of Literature and Art, State Archive of the Russian Federation, manuscript department of the Russian State Library) together with printed publications allows us to compare disparate data and come to common conclusions. The use of the problem-chronological method and the comparison method allow this analysis to be carried out.
Results and Discussion. Legalists are an association of liberal dignitaries of the Russian Empire, mainly from the judiciary and legal scholars. The ideology of the legalists can be defined as conservative liberalism, and their inspiration was the famous scientist B.N. Chicherin. In the 1860s, a stable group of lawyers was formed that was vitally interested in the development of law and order in Russia (“people of legal order”). Through memoirs we see how they acted at the time of reforms, how they became institutionalized in the 1870s, how they took an active part in the reforms of 1878–1881, how they tried to defend the foundations of the system created by Alexander II, how they fought against traditionalism in the 1890s years.
Conclusion. The memoirs reflect the sentiments of the legalists, who, despite constant defeats, did not lose heart and were optimistic about the future. They proceeded from the fact that Russia is part of the world process and in due time “everything that exists in Europe” will come to it

Importance. In 1917, the objects of the transport infrastructure went through a durability test. The Bolsheviks used emergency measures and spontaneously created armed formations, however, their effectiveness was unsatisfactory. The government had been looking for a way out of the crisis. The documents stored in the State Archive of the Russian Federation testify to the reasons for the failures of railway protection in the first post-revolutionary years. The purpose of the study is to analyse the process of formation and adjustment of state policy in the field of transport security and the state of railway protection in 1917–1919 and to assess the information presented in the report by V.V. Fomin.
Materials and Methods. The historical and genetic method allows to consider the peculiarities of railway protection in 1917–1919. The retrospective method contributes to the condition assessment of railway protection. The empirical data are grouped by the typological method. The comparative method identifies common and special features of the phenomena considered. The structural method divides information into smaller elements and organises into a hierarchical structure. The analytical method is used to verify the facts set out in the report.
Results and Discussion. The reasons for the railroad protection failures in the early years of the Soviet regime are identified. The events on railroad transport of 1917–1919 are characterised.
Conclusion. It is concluded that the complex analysis of the sources revealing the reasons for the failure of railroad protection in the early years of the Soviet regime is necessary; the approaches of the highest echelon of power to the development of state policy on transport in 1917–1919 are shown.

Importance. The purpose of the study is to highlight the problem of economic self-identification of the peasantry at the beginning of the 1920s recovery period. The main emphasis is placed on the land conflict use in the agricultural environment as an economic and social consolidation indicator of the peasantry. Research hypothesis: in the survival strategy of the peasant community, the traditional economic usefulness (functionality) restoration was a physical and social self-preservation guarantee. Participation in collective forms of management acted as a “corporate elevator” of economic recovery with the prospect of reviving the individual peasant economy, which allows the use of the term okrestyanivaniye. Land conflict in this case is a traditional way of ensuring the agricultural community functionality, regardless of its organizational form (family, community, collective). The empirical basis of the study is the materials of the land dispute between the Troekurovskaya volost of the Lebedyansky district artels of the Tambov province.
Materials and Methods. The source base of the study is made up of documents from the Regional state Institution “State Archive of the Lipetsk Region” (SALR), including correspondence from provincial and county land departments and commissions, reports and correspondence of surveyors with land authorities, plans, land plots, acts, statements, complaints from Lebedyansky County artels’ representatives. Most of the submitted documents are being put into circulation for the first time. Statistical and reporting materials of the Tambov provincial Executive Committee, provincial and county government bodies meetings are also used in the research process. A systematic approach, general scientific and historical research methods are used.
Results and Discussion. The dynamics analysis of collective construction in the Tambov province is conducted, the land management results of the Lebedyansky district artels in the first half of the 1920s are revealed. Regional features of the peasant attitude to socialist forms of management are revealed. The evolution of the inter-artel land dispute is considered: causes, motivation, conflict course, parties’ arguments and land authorities reaction of the Tambov province and Lebedyansky district. Based on the artels’ evidentiary documents analysis, the economic and social components of the land dispute are revealed.
Conclusion. The goal-setting of border groups of peasants to participate in artel forms of farming is determined. Based on the analysis of the dynamics of the land conflict, a conclusion is made about the desire of farmers in the conditions of the economic crisis of the beginning of the recovery period to use collective forms to ensure economic, social and physical survival, as a basis for the subsequent revival of individual farming. The term peasantization is used in relation to the designated process

Importance. The research of the process of the Communist Party of Russian Federation’s opposition identity development in the 1990s is important for understanding the transformation of leftwing movements in the post-Soviet space and the mechanisms of the formation of a multiparty system in Russia. The study aims to define the specifics of the Communist Party of Russian Federation opposition identity development in the post-Soviet space in the 1990s.
Materials and Methods. T research is based on the analysis of official documents of the Communist Party of Russian Federation of the Russian Federation, statistical data of the Central Executive Committee of the Russian Federation, transcripts of meetings of the State Duma, publications in the party press, and scientific literature. Historical-genetic, comparative-historical, and systemic methods of analysis are applied.
Results and Discussion. The key stages of the Communist Party of Russian Federation opposition identity are revealed: the restoration of the party (1992–1993), institutionalization as a parliamentary force (1993–1995), the struggle for federal power (1996–1999). The evolution of the ideological attitudes and electoral strategies of the party is traced. The dynamics of electoral support for the CPRF of the Russian Federation is analyzed: an increase from 12.4 % of the vote in 1993 to 24.29 % in 1999. It is established that the party has formed a stable faction in the State Duma and created a broad coalition of left-patriotic forces (NPSR). The main strategies of the CPRF opposition activities are revealed: parliamentary work, participation in elections at all levels, organization of mass protests, attempts to initiate the impeachment of the president.
Conclusion. By the end of the 1990s, the Communist Party of Russian Federation had formed a stable opposition identity, characterized by a combination of criticism of the government with a willingness to cooperate with limited parliamentary activity. This allowed the party to become a key element of the new Russian political system, demonstrating the possibility of successfully adapting the communist movement to the conditions of post-socialist transformation while maintaining its opposition status

Importance. The economic development of Austro-Ugric Russia in the second half of the 19th – early 20th century was catching up with other regions of the Habsburg monarchy. In the last third of the 19th – early 20th century in Galicia, the parcelling (division into small parts) of landlords’ estates became widespread. On the Polish side, it was attended by large landowners, immigrants from Western Galicia, and various financial and political organizations. On the Russo-Ukrainian side, the struggle for land was carried out mainly by wealthy peasants, priests, peasant credit societies and unions. Land parcelling has become one of the most important factors in the deterioration of Polish-Ukrainian relations.
Materials and Methods. The main sources are collections of statistics, the press and journalism of the period under study. The methodological basis of the study includes the use of historicaltypological and historical-comparative methods, which made it possible to study the peculiarities of changes in large-scale land ownership in Galicia. The principle of historicism, which assumes an analysis of the subject of research taking into account the realities of a particular historical epoch is used
Results and Discussion. The study analyzes the process of parcelling (division into small parts of plots of landlords’ estates). The characteristic of the distribution of land between Polish, Russo- Ukrainian peasants and Jews is given, and Polish peasants, upon receiving land plots, moved to the eastern part of Galicia, inhabited mainly by the East Slavic (Russo-Ukrainian) population. It is shown that the resettlement of Polish peasants to the territory of Eastern Galicia was organized by Polish national parties and organizations. The land parcel acted as a kind of testing ground for competitions between Polish landowners and Russo-Ukrainian peasants in the struggle for land. At the same time, a significant part of the land magnates did not cooperate with the organization of the resettlement of Polish peasants, selling land to Russo-Ukrainian peasants during the parcel. This was due to the economic rather than political interests of large landowners, however, even with such land sales, the interests of the East Slavic population suffered, since peasants often got the worst plots. In addition, illegal ways of using landlord power over the surrounding peasant population are analyzed, when individual landlords imposed the worst plots of land on Russo- Ukrainian peasants, took away land, and used violence. It is shown how the legislative and executive authorities in the eastern part of Galicia did not try to somehow prevent abuses by large landowners.
Conclusion. As a result, Russo-Ukrainian peasants got less than 20 % of agricultural land during the period under study, which led to a further aggravation of Russo-Polish and Russo-Jewish relations and prevented the introduction of capitalist economy in peasant land ownership

Importance. The study is relevant due to the necessity of examining Czechoslovakia’s experience in legislation aimed at social and economical protection and support of legionnaires who returned home, which has been insufficiently studied in the domestic historiography. A number of laws addressed several socially important aspects of the lives of legionnaires and their families, providing them with benefits, allowances, and separate jobs. Nevertheless, these laws, due to a number of factors, were not fully implemented. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to evaluate the legionary legislation, to examine its individual aspects, to assess the degree of implementation of these laws, a nd to analyses the position o f the a uthorities in this matter, e specially the Minister of Finance. The results obtained in the course of this study will be relevant for the development of draft laws aimed at solving the social and economic problems of the participants, veterans and disabled veterans of the Special Military Operation and their families.
Materials and Methods. In studying the draft laws of the First Czechoslovak Republic, the method of analyzing legal acts is used. The materials from the Wolters Kluwer legislative database are also used.
Results and Discussion. In the early years of its existence, the First Czechoslovak Republic passed a number of laws aimed at ensuring the special position of the legionnaires, which became the basis for the further adoption of social and economic laws aimed at solving their economic and social problems. The fundamental laws were No. 462 and No. 282. They specified criteria for legionary status, preferential treatment in employment, both in public institutions and private enterprises In addition, other laws gave legionaries preferential treatment in the civil service, favorable loans for merchants and entrepreneurs, priority in land distribution during the land reform, etc. However, it became apparent almost immediately that these laws did not provide for all the needs of the Legionnaires and were insufficient to help. In addition, some of the paragraphs did not work correctly. For example, a legionary could face too high educational requirements when applying for a place reserved for him. In addition, some of the paragraphs did not work properly. For example, a legionary could face too high educational requirements when applying for a place reserved for him. Nevertheless, the government tried to help legionaries despite the economic difficulties in the world, unlike hundreds of thousands of veterans of the Austro-Hungarian army and “unofficial” legionaries ( who c ould n ot c onfirm t heir s tatus o n t he b asis o f Law N o. 4 62, o r w ho l ost t his status, for instance, by a court decision), who could rely only on their own strength in a difficult moment.
Conclusion. In the first years of First Czechoslovak Republic existence there were laws aimed at social and economic protection and support of legionaries, but due to a number of factors, the assistance was not provided in full and could not always contribute to the improvement of the legionary’s material situation. Nevertheless, the legionaries were in a better economic situation than other groups of former soldiers and officers of the Austro-Hungarian army

Importance. The purpose of the study is to consider significant aspects of military and technical cooperation between Russia and the Republic of Korea, carried out within the framework of the Brown Bear project in 1994–2005. It is of interest to analyse the specifics of cooperation in this segment between the countries that were ideological opponents until the early 1990s.
Materials and Methods. The research of Russian and South Korean scientists that examines the factors influencing the dynamics of military and technical ties between Moscow and Seoul is involved. Along with general scientific methods such as systematic historical analysis, historical retrospective method, axiological method, and SWOT-analysis are used (strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, threats).
Results and Discussion. This research reveals that Moscow’s calculations for the promotion of Russian weapons to South Korea, as well as Seoul’s interest in obtaining modern Russian military technologies, formed positive expectations. At the same time, a set of factors has been identified that did not allow creating significant groundwork for the future following the results of the two stages of the “Brown Bear” project.
Conclusion. Military and technical cooperation with Seoul became for Moscow an important experience of such activities in the Asian direction, the uniqueness of which was conditioned, among other things, by South Korea’s status as a strategic ally of the United States

Importance. The research examines the current state of the Palestinian-Israeli conflict in the context of the policy of resolving relations in the Middle East through the efforts of the new BRICS member countries: Egypt, Iran, and the United Arab Emirates. The purpose of the study is to identify the main features of the political significance of the countries under study in the Palestinian- Israeli conflict.
Materials and Methods. The methodological basis of the work are the principles of objectivity and historicism, considering modern processes and phenomena in development and in mutual and temporal connection. To obtain more complete information, methods of source analysis, retrospective, synchronous, and comparative methods are used.
Results and Discussion. The steps taken by the countries under study in resolving the Palestinian- Israeli conflict are highlighted. The differences in approaches to solving the Middle East problems, the attitude to the new round of escalation, and the vision of the conflict by the ruling circles of Egypt, Iran, and the United Arab Emirates are clearly demonstrated. The main political groups of countries in the region are identified, and the methods of their influence on the opposing sides and interests in the region are revealed.
Conclusion. The importance and special significance of the countries under study in the context of both the resolution of the Palestinian-Israeli conflict and the regulation of relations throughout the Middle East are highlighted. Iran’s current actions are directly aimed at repressing Israel’s policies. As the main opponent of the Jewish state, the Islamic Republic sees itself as a defender of the Muslim world, manifesting its policies through harsh rhetoric, the use of proxy groups and direct armed action. In fact, Israel and Iran are now on the verge of a full-fledged armed conflict. At the same time, for Egypt, the current state of conflict is extremely unfavorable due to migration and economic problems in the country